Wiktionary

門

See also: 鬥, 门, 問, and 𠁣𠃛
門 U+9580, 門
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9580
← 长
[U+957F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 閁 →
[U+9581]
⾨ U+2FA8, ⾨
KANGXI RADICAL GATE
← ⾧
[U+2FA7] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾩ →
[U+2FA9]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character edit

See images of
Radical 169 門

門 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日弓 (AN), four-corner 77777, composition ⿰𠁣𠃛)

  1. Kangxi radical #169, ⾨.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №438

Derived characters edit

Related characters edit

Further reading edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1329, character 53
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41208
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1833, character 38
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4281, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9580

Chinese edit

trad. 門
simp. 门
alternative forms 𨳇
閅／𮤫
门
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 門
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
             
Characters in the same phonetic series (門) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蔄 *roːs, *mruːns
闅 *min, *mrɯn, *mɯn
閩 *mrɯn, *mɯn
蕄 *mɯːŋ, *mrɯːŋ
門 *mɯːn
捫 *mɯːn
悶 *mɯːns
聞 *mɯn, *mɯns
閿 *mɯn
問 *mɯns

Pictogram (象形) : a gate. Compare 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ, “(one) door”), which is half of this character.

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-muːr (“mouth; lip; to hold in mouth; to chew; face; gills”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan མུར་བ (mur ba, “to masticate”), Tibetan མུར་འགྲམ (mur 'gram, “jawbone; cheek”), Mizo hmûi (“lips; upper lip”) and 吻 (OC *mɯnʔ, “lips; corner of the lips”).

“-gate”
Semantic loan from English -gate, which is a back-formation from Watergate. Also influenced by Japanese 羅生門.

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • mn̂g/mûi - vernacular;
  • bûn - literary.
Note: meng5 - Jieyang, Chaoyang.
Rime
Character 門
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫奔切
Baxter mwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/muən/
Pan
Wuyun 		/muon/
Shao
Rongfen 		/muən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mwən/
Li
Rong 		/muən/
Wang
Li 		/muən/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/muən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 門
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mén
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mwon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mˁə[r]/
English gate, door

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 門
Reading # 1/1
No. 8960
Phonetic
component 		門
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		門
Old
Chinese 		/*mɯːn/
 
門/门

Definitions edit

門

  1. gate; door; entrance; opening; portal (Classifier: 扇 m mn; 道 m c; 度 c; 條／条 c; 隻／只 c; 片 mn)
  2. valve; switch
  3. way of doing something; knack
    門路／门路  ―  ménlù  ―  way of doing something
  4. family
  5. school; sect; school of thought; tradition
    佛門／佛门  ―  fómén  ―  Buddhism
    門生／门生  ―  ménshēng  ―  disciple of a particular tradition
  6. class; category
  7. (taxonomy) phylum; division
  8. (logic, electronics) logic gate
  9. Classifier for lessons, subjects, branches of technology, and languages. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
  10. Classifier for livelihoods, trades, skills, businesses, etc.
    這門生意不好做。 [MSC, trad.]
    这门生意不好做。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè mén shēngyì bùhǎo zuò. [Pinyin]
    It's a tough business.
  11. Classifier for thoughts, ideas, or emotions, particularly those forming a system or complex.
    你這一門心思，誰猜得到？ [MSC, trad.]
    你这一门心思，谁猜得到？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zhè yī mén xīnsī, shéi cāidé dào? [Pinyin]
    Who could have guessed all that in your mind?
  12. Classifier for marriage, romantic, or family relations.
    說成一門親事／说成一门亲事  ―  shuō chéng yī mén qīnshì  ―  to successfully make a match
  13. Classifier for large guns.
  14. -gate (a suffix combined with keywords to form the names of scandals)
  15. (anatomy) hilum of an organ
  16. a surname

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 門 (“door”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 門, 戶
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 門
Mandarin Beijing 門
Taiwan 門
Tianjin 門
Chengde 門
Tangshan 門
Cangzhou 門兒
Baoding 門
Shijiazhuang 門
Chifeng 門
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 門
Heihe 門
Qiqihar 門
Harbin 門
Jiamusi 門
Baicheng 門
Changchun 門
Tonghua 門
Shenyang 門
Dandong 門
Jinzhou 門
Dalian 門
Yantai 門
Yantai (Muping) 門, 門子
Zhucheng 門
Jinan 門
Jining 門
Wanrong 門
Shangqiu 門
Yuanyang 門
Zhengzhou 門
Lingbao 門
Xinyang 門
Baihe 門
Hanzhong 門
Xi'an 門
Baoji 門
Yinchuan 門
Tianshui 門
Lanzhou 門
Dunhuang 門
Xining 門
Hami 門
Ürümqi 門
Wuhan 門
Yichang 門
Xiangyang 門
Tianmen 門
Hong'an 門
Chengdu 門
Nanchong 門
Dazhou 門
Hanyuan 門
Xichang 門
Zigong 門
Chongqing 門
Guiyang 門
Zunyi 門
Bijie 門
Liping 門
Zhaotong 門
Dali 門
Kunming 門
Mengzi 門
Guilin 門
Liuzhou 門
Jishou 門
Changde 門
Anqing 門
Xuzhou 門
Fuyang 門
Wuhu 門
Yangzhou 門
Lianyungang 門
Lianshui 門
Nanjing 門
Hefei 門
Nantong 門
Malaysia 門
Singapore 門
Cantonese Guangzhou 門
Hong Kong 門
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 門
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 門
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 門
Dongguan 門
Yangjiang 門
Gan Nanchang 門
Lichuan 門
Pingxiang 門
Hakka Meixian 門
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 門
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 門
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 門
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 門
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 門
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 門
Hong Kong 門
Kuching (Hepo) 門
Huizhou Jixi 門
Shexian 門
Jin Taiyuan 門, 門子
Pingyao 門
Yangyuan 門
Datong 門
Xinzhou 門子
Lishi 門
Linfen 門
Changzhi 門, 門子
Linhe 門
Jining 門
Hohhot 門
Erenhot 門
Pingshan 門兒
Zhangjiakou 門
Handan 門兒
Linzhou 門
Suide 門
Northern Min Jian'ou 門
Eastern Min Fuzhou 門
Southern Min Xiamen 門
Jinjiang 門
New Taipei (Tamsui) 門
New Taipei (Pingxi) 門
Kaohsiung 門
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 門
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 門
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 門
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 門
Yilan (Toucheng) 門
Tainan 門
Tainan (Anping) 門
Penghu (Xiyu) 門
Manila (Hokkien) 門
Chaozhou 門
Shantou 門
Jieyang 門
Bangkok (Teochew) 門
Pontianak (Teochew) 門
Leizhou 門
Haikou 門
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 門
Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 門
Suzhou 門
Danyang 門
Hangzhou 門
Wenzhou 門
Jinhua 門
Xiang Changsha 門
Xiangxiang 門
Shuangfeng 門
  • (large gun classifier): 尊 (zūn)

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (門):
  • → Japanese: 門(もん) (mon)
  • → Korean: 문(門) (mun)
  • → Vietnamese: môn (門)

Others:

See also edit

References edit

Japanese edit

 
Ryakuji for 門. Compare derived ryakuji for 間 and 開, and simplified Chinese 门 (mén).

Kanji edit

門

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
門
もん
Grade: 2
goon

From Middle Chinese 門 (MC mwon).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

門(もん) • (mon) 

  1. a gate
  2. (religion) a sect, school of thought
  3. (biology) a phylum, division
  4. Short for 門限 (mongen): a curfew
Coordinate terms edit
Derived terms edit

Counter edit

門(もん) • (-mon) 

  1. counter for cannons or large guns

Affix edit

門(もん) • (mon) 

  1. doorway, exit and entrance
  2. clan, family, kin
  3. teaching institution
  4. set of academic doctrines
  5. Used in Sanskrit transliterations
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
門
かど
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨kado1⟩ → */kadʷo/ → /kado/

From Old Japanese.

The final -do is cognate with 戸 (to, “door”). Compare 籠 (kago, “basket”), which is cognate with 籠 (ko).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

門(かど) • (kado) 

  1. a gate, portal
  2. an entrance, gateway, opening
  3. a clan, family, kin
Derived terms edit

Proper noun edit

門(かど) • (Kado) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
門
と
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 門 – see the following entry.
【戸と】2
[noun] door; a plate placed on doorway
(This term, 門, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 門 (MC mwon).

Historical readings

Pronunciation edit

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

門 (eumhun 문 문 (mun mun))

  1. Hanja form? of 문 (“gate; door; gateway; portal”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Old Japanese edit

Etymology 1 edit

The final -do is cognate with 戸 (to1, “door”).

Noun edit

門 (kado1) (kana かど)

  1. a gate, portal
  2. an entrance, gateway, opening
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
  • Japanese: 門 (kado)

Etymology 2 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun edit

門 (kadu) (kana かづ)

  1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) Same as カド甲 (kado1) above
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4386:
      和加加都乃以都母等夜奈枳以都母以都母於母加古比須須奈理麻之都都母
      waga katu no2 itumoto2 yanagi2 itu mo itu mo omo ka ko1pi1susu narimasitutu mo
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

門: Hán Nôm readings: môn, món, mon

  1. chữ Hán form of môn (“subject, discipline; door, entrance”).

Zhuang edit

Pronoun edit

門

  1. Sawndip form of mwngz
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