Wiktionary

門

See also: 鬥, 门, 問, and 𠁣𠃛
門 U+9580, 門
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9580
← 长
[U+957F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 閁 →
[U+9581]
⾨ U+2FA8, ⾨
KANGXI RADICAL GATE
← ⾧
[U+2FA7] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾩ →
[U+2FA9]

Translingual

edit
Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character

edit
See images of
Radical 169 門

門 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日弓 (AN), four-corner 77777, composition ⿰𠁣𠃛)

  1. Kangxi radical #169, ⾨.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №438

Derived characters

edit
edit

Further reading

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1329, character 53
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41208
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1833, character 38
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4281, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9580

Chinese

edit
trad. 門
simp. 门
alternative forms 𨳇
閅／𮤫
门
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character 門
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
             
Characters in the same phonetic series (門) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蔄 *roːs, *mruːns
闅 *min, *mrɯn, *mɯn
閩 *mrɯn, *mɯn
蕄 *mɯːŋ, *mrɯːŋ
門 *mɯːn
捫 *mɯːn
悶 *mɯːns
聞 *mɯn, *mɯns
閿 *mɯn
問 *mɯns

Pictogram (象形) : a gate. Compare 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ, “(one) door”), which is half of this character.

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-muːr (“mouth; lip; to hold in mouth; to chew; face; gills”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan མུར་བ (mur ba, “to masticate”), Tibetan མུར་འགྲམ (mur 'gram, “jawbone; cheek”), Mizo hmûi (“lips; upper lip”) and 吻 (OC *mɯnʔ, “lips; corner of the lips”).

“-gate”
Semantic loan from English -gate, which is a back-formation from Watergate. Also influenced by Japanese 羅生門.

Pronunciation

edit
Note:
  • mn̂g/mûi - vernacular;
  • bûn - literary.
Note: meng5 - Jieyang, Chaoyang.
Rime
Character 門
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫奔切
Baxter mwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/muən/
Pan
Wuyun 		/muon/
Shao
Rongfen 		/muən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mwən/
Li
Rong 		/muən/
Wang
Li 		/muən/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/muən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 門
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mén
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mwon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mˁə[r]/
English gate, door

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 門
Reading # 1/1
No. 8960
Phonetic
component 		門
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		門
Old
Chinese 		/*mɯːn/
 
門/门

Definitions

edit

門

  1. gate; door; entrance; opening; portal (Classifier: 扇 m mn; 道 m c; 度 c; 條／条 c; 隻／只 c; 片 mn)
  2. valve; switch
  3. way of doing something; knack
    門路／门路  ―  ménlù  ―  way of doing something
  4. family
  5. school; sect; school of thought; tradition
    佛門／佛门  ―  fómén  ―  Buddhism
    門生／门生  ―  ménshēng  ―  disciple of a particular tradition
  6. class; category
  7. (taxonomy) phylum; division
  8. (logic, electronics) logic gate
  9. Classifier for lessons, subjects, branches of technology, and languages. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
  10. Classifier for livelihoods, trades, skills, businesses, etc.
    這門生意不好做。 [MSC, trad.]
    这门生意不好做。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè mén shēngyì bùhǎo zuò. [Pinyin]
    It's a tough business.
  11. Classifier for thoughts, ideas, or emotions, particularly those forming a system or complex.
    你這一門心思，誰猜得到？ [MSC, trad.]
    你这一门心思，谁猜得到？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zhè yī mén xīnsī, shéi cāidé dào? [Pinyin]
    Who could have guessed all that in your mind?
  12. Classifier for marriage, romantic, or family relations.
    說成一門親事／说成一门亲事  ―  shuō chéng yī mén qīnshì  ―  to successfully make a match
  13. Classifier for large guns.
  14. -gate (a suffix combined with keywords to form the names of scandals)
  15. (anatomy) hilum of an organ
  16. a surname

Synonyms

edit
Dialectal synonyms of 門 (“door”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 門, 戶
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 門
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 門
Taiwan 門
Chengde 門
Chifeng 門
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 門
Heihe 門
Qiqihar 門
Harbin 門
Jiamusi 門
Baicheng 門
Changchun 門
Tonghua 門
Shenyang 門
Jinzhou 門
Malaysia 門
Singapore 門
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 門
Tangshan 門
Cangzhou 門兒
Baoding 門
Shijiazhuang 門
Jinan 門
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 門
Dandong 門
Yantai 門
Yantai (Muping) 門, 門子
Zhucheng 門
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 門
Jining 門
Wanrong 門
Linfen 門
Shangqiu 門
Yuanyang 門
Zhengzhou 門
Xinyang 門
Baihe 門
Xi'an 門
Baoji 門
Tianshui 門
Xining 門
Xuzhou 門
Fuyang 門
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 門
Lanzhou 門
Dunhuang 門
Hami 門
Ürümqi 門
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 門
Nanchong 門
Dazhou 門
Hanyuan 門
Xichang 門
Zigong 門
Chongqing 門
Wuhan 門
Yichang 門
Xiangyang 門
Tianmen 門
Guiyang 門
Zunyi 門
Bijie 門
Liping 門
Zhaotong 門
Dali 門
Kunming 門
Mengzi 門
Guilin 門
Liuzhou 門
Jishou 門
Changde 門
Hanzhong 門
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 門
Yangzhou 門
Lianyungang 門
Lianshui 門
Nantong 門
Anqing 門
Wuhu 門
Hefei 門
Hong'an 門
Cantonese Guangzhou 門
Hong Kong 門
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 門
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 門
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 門
Dongguan 門
Yangjiang 門
Gan Nanchang 門
Lichuan 門
Pingxiang 門
Hakka Meixian 門
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 門
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 門
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 門
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 門
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 門
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 門
Hong Kong 門
Kuching (Hepo) 門
Huizhou Jixi 門
Shexian 門
Jin Taiyuan 門, 門子
Pingyao 門
Yangyuan 門
Datong 門
Xinzhou 門子
Lüliang (Lishi) 門
Changzhi 門, 門子
Linhe 門
Jining 門
Hohhot 門
Erenhot 門
Pingshan 門兒
Zhangjiakou 門
Handan 門兒
Linzhou 門
Suide 門
Northern Min Jian'ou 門
Eastern Min Fuzhou 門
Southern Min Xiamen 門
Jinjiang 門
New Taipei (Tamsui) 門
New Taipei (Pingxi) 門
Kaohsiung 門
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 門
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 門
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 門
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 門
Yilan (Toucheng) 門
Tainan 門
Tainan (Anping) 門
Penghu (Xiyu) 門
Manila (Hokkien) 門
Chaozhou 門
Shantou 門
Jieyang 門
Bangkok (Teochew) 門
Pontianak (Teochew) 門
Leizhou 門
Haikou 門
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 門
Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 門
Suzhou 門
Danyang 門
Hangzhou 門
Wenzhou 門
Jinhua 門
Xiang Changsha 門
Xiangxiang 門
Shuangfeng 門
  • (large gun classifier): 尊 (zūn)

Compounds

edit

Descendants

edit
Sino-Xenic (門):
  • → Japanese: 門(もん) (mon)
  • → Korean: 문(門) (mun)
  • → Vietnamese: môn (門)

Others:

See also

edit

References

edit

Japanese

edit
 
Ryakuji for 門. Compare derived ryakuji for 間 and 開, and simplified Chinese 门 (mén).

Kanji

edit
門

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

edit

Compounds

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology 1

edit
Kanji in this term
門
もん
Grade: 2
goon

From Middle Chinese 門 (MC mwon).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

門(もん) • (mon) 

  1. a gate
  2. (religion) a sect, school of thought
  3. (biology) a phylum, division
  4. Short for 門限 (mongen): a curfew
Coordinate terms
edit
Derived terms
edit

Counter

edit

門(もん) • (-mon) 

  1. counter for cannons or large guns

Affix

edit

門(もん) • (mon) 

  1. doorway, exit and entrance
  2. clan, family, kin
  3. teaching institution
  4. set of academic doctrines
  5. Used in Sanskrit transliterations
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 2

edit
Kanji in this term
門
かど
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨kado1⟩ → */kadʷo/ → /kado/

From Old Japanese.

The final -do is cognate with 戸 (to, “door”). Compare 籠 (kago, “basket”), which is cognate with 籠 (ko).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

門(かど) • (kado) 

  1. a gate, portal
  2. an entrance, gateway, opening
  3. a clan, family, kin
Derived terms
edit

Proper noun

edit

門(かど) • (Kado) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 3

edit
Kanji in this term
門
と
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 門 – see the following entry.
【戸と】2
[noun] door; a plate placed on doorway
(This term, 門, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

edit
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle Chinese 門 (MC mwon).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

edit

Hanja

edit
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

門 (eumhun 문 문 (mun mun))

  1. hanja form? of 문 (“gate; door; gateway; portal”)

Compounds

edit
Compounds

References

edit
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Old Japanese

edit

Etymology 1

edit

The final -do is cognate with 戸 (to1, “door”).

Noun

edit

門 (kado1) (kana かど)

  1. a gate, portal
  2. an entrance, gateway, opening
Derived terms
edit
Descendants
edit
  • Japanese: 門 (kado)

Etymology 2

edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

edit

門 (kadu) (kana かづ)

  1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) Same as カド甲 (kado1) above
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4386:
      和加加都乃以都母等夜奈枳以都母以都母於母加古比須須奈理麻之都都母
      waga katu no2 itumoto2 yanagi2 itu mo itu mo omo ka ko1pi1susu narimasitutu mo
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

門: Hán Nôm readings: môn, món, mon

  1. chữ Hán form of môn (“subject, discipline; door, entrance”).

Compounds

edit

Zhuang

edit

Pronoun

edit

門

  1. Sawndip form of mwngz
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=門&oldid=79233502"