하늘

Jeju edit

From Middle Korean 하ᄂᆞᆶ〮 (hànólh). Cognate to Korean 하늘 (haneul).

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	haneul
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	haneul
Yale Romanization^?	hanul

하늘 (haneul)

From Middle Korean 하ᄂᆞᆶ〮 (hànólh), probably from Old Korean 天乙 (*HANOr). Perhaps related to Middle Korean 하다〮 (Yale: hà-tá, “to be large; to be great”).^[1] The Middle Korean /-h/ may be the remnant of an ancient place-related suffix; see Appendix:Middle Korean h-final nouns.

In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 하ᄂᆞᆶ〮 (Yale: hànólh).

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	haneul
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	haneul
McCune–Reischauer^?	hanŭl
Yale Romanization^?	hanul

South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 하늘의 / 하늘에 / 하늘까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the first syllable, and lowers the pitch of subsequent suffixes.

하늘 (haneul, “sky”).

하늘 • (haneul)

sky
Coordinate term: 땅 (ttang, “earth; land”)

하늘과 땅 차이 ― haneulgwa ttang chai ― a world of difference (literally, “the difference of sky and land”)
(chiefly Confucianism) heaven
하늘이 무섭지 않은가? ― Haneuri museopji aneun'ga? ― Do you not fear heaven?
(Christianity) heavenly god
(obsolete) palate
Synonym: 입천장 (ipcheonjang)

^ 이동석 [idongseok] (2005) 국어 음운 현상의 공시성과 통시성 [gugeo eumun hyeonsang'ui gongsiseonggwa tongsiseong, Synchrony and Diachrony in Korean Phonological Processes], 한국문화사 [han'gungmunhwasa], →ISBN, page 273