-V

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ː/ (preceding vowel made long)

Etymology 1

Reduced from -vi through earlier -u (such as in now archaic tulevi > tuleu (attested in early writings) > tulee, dialectal tulou, also found in Karelian).

Suffix

-a, -e, -i, -o, -u, -y, -ä, -ö (linguistic notation -V, V corresponds to the preceding vowel)

1. The third-person singular non-past verb marker.

Usage notes

-V denotes a doubling of the final vowel (mene- → menee). It however cannot be applied to a long vowel nor a diphthong, leaving certain words zero-marked in this conjugation (myy- → myy, suo- → suo).

Etymology 2

Reduced from -a (“partitive marker”).

Suffix

-a, -e, -i, -o, -u, -y, -ä, -ö (linguistic notation -V, V corresponds to the preceding vowel) (colloquial, dialectal)

1. (Southern Finland) Partitive marker.

Usage notes

-V denotes a doubling of the final vowel (veturi → veturii pro standard Finnish veturia). The e-final stem of certain i-final nouns is reflected (happi → happee pro *happii). The more archaic partitive marker -ta is still preserved after long vowels and diphthongs (revyy → revyytä, revyyt) and certain other words (susi → sutta).

Etymology 3

Reduced from -Vn (“illative marker”).

Suffix

-a, -e, -i, -o, -u, -y, -ä, -ö (linguistic notation -V, V corresponds to the preceding vowel) (colloquial)

1. Illative marker.

Usage notes

-V denotes a doubling of the final vowel (talo → taloo, compare standard Finnish taloon). Its distribution aligns with standard Finnish -Vn, not colliding with -seen.

Ingrian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-hen. Cognates include Finnish -Vn.

Pronunciation

• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ː/ (lengthens the preceding vowel)
• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ː/ (lengthens the preceding vowel)

Suffix

-V

1. Used to mark the illative case.

Inflection

Possessive forms of -V
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	-Vn	-Vmme
2nd person	-Vs	-Vnne
3rd person	-hVV	-Vsse

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-hen. Cognates include Finnish -Vn.

Pronunciation

• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ː/ (lengthens the preceding vowel)
• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ː/ (lengthens the preceding vowel)

Suffix

-V

1. (obsolete) Used to mark the possession of the third person singular; his, her
   • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[1], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 15:

     Mut muuttujessaa neet sanat hävittäät geminatan ja pitän (tali poolipitän) vokalan.

     But in their changing these words lose the geminate and the long (or halflong) vowel.

Usage notes

• Note that the possessive suffix is appended to the underlying (etymological) form, which may often not be the same as the synchronic unpossessed reflex. For instance, the possessive form of the inessive ending -s (< *-ssa) is -ssaa.

Inflection

Possessive forms of -V
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	-n	-mme
2nd person	-s	-nne
3rd person	-V	-sse

References

• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 41