Wiktionary

-n

See also: -ń and Appendix:Variations of "n"

EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English -n, from Old English -n, rare alternative form of Old English -en (“-en”). More at -en.

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. Alternative form of -en
    ‎silver + ‎-n → ‎silvern

Etymology 2Edit

SuffixEdit

-n

  2. Alternative form of -an, adjective or noun suffix meaning "of or pertaining to", used with words which already end in a.
    ‎Java + ‎-n → ‎Javan
    ‎Burma + ‎-n → ‎Burman
    ‎Minnesota + ‎-n → ‎Minnesotan
    ‎Russia + ‎-n → ‎Russian

Etymology 3Edit

From Middle English -n, -en, from Old English -n, -en and Old Norse -inn, both from Proto-Germanic *-anaz, *-inaz, past participle ending of strong verbs. Cognate with Dutch -en, German -en, Swedish -en, Icelandic -inn.

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. Alternative form of -en (past participle ending)
    ‎grow + ‎-n → ‎grown
    ‎show + ‎-n → ‎shown
    ‎slow + ‎-n → ‎slown

AzerbaijaniEdit

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

preceding vowel
A / I E / Ə / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal
except after L 		-ıl -il -ul -ül
after L -ın -in -un -ün
postvocalic -n

-n

  1. Postvocalic form of -il.

Derived termsEdit

See -il.

BasqueEdit

Alternative formsEdit

ConjunctionEdit

-n

  1. which, that
    Eman didazun liburua irakurtzen ari naiz. ― I'm reading the book that you gave me.
  2. Used to form indirect questions.
    Ez dakit nor zaren. ― I don't know who you are.

Usage notesEdit

  • When attached to verbs ending in -t (usually first-person singular forms), -t- changes to -da-.
    ‎dakit (“I know it”) + ‎-n → ‎dakidan (“which I know”).
  • Verbal forms ending in -n take no suffix.

Derived termsEdit

BavarianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle High German -en, a merger of various infinitive forms in Old High German. Cognates include German -en, -n and Luxembourgish -en.

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. Used to form verbs.

Derived termsEdit

Bavarian words suffixed with -n

ChuukeseEdit

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. Alternative form of -en

EmilianEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

-n (adverbial)

  1. (enclitic, after a vowel) Alternative form of in
    Manjēn un pōk! ― Eat some of it! (imperative, plural )

EsperantoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Ancient Greek -ν (-n) (masculine and feminine accusative ending) and/or German -en (masculine accusative ending).

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. accusative ending
    ŝtono / li ĵetas la ŝtonon
    stone / he throws the stone
    afabla / mi renkontis la afablajn virinojn
    kind / I met the kind women
  2. ending indicating destination: in the direction of, and arriving at
    tablo / la kato saltis sur tablon
    table / the cat jumped on(to) a table
    fridujo / ŝi metos la botelojn da lakto en la fridujon
    refrigerator / she will put the bottles of milk in(to) the refrigerator

FinnishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Finnic *-n, from Proto-Uralic *-n (genitive suffix).

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. Used to form the genitive case.
    tytön takki "a girl's coat"
    poikani takki "the coat of my son"
Usage notesEdit
  • When possessive suffixes are used, the genitive doesn't have its suffix -n. The possessive suffixes are appended to a vowel stem instead, thus rendering the nominative and genitive singular identical.

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Finnic *-n, from Proto-Uralic *-m (“accusative suffix”).

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. Used to form the accusative case.
    Näin tytön.
    I saw a/the girl.
    Tapasin poikani eilen.
    I met my son yesterday.
Usage notesEdit
  • The genitive singular and accusative singular look coincidentally identical in Finnish. The object of a transitive verb may look also like the nominative but it's still called the accusative in traditional grammars. There's also the partial object, which uses the partitive case. For the accusative forms of personal pronouns and the interrogative pronoun ken, see -t.

Etymology 3Edit

From Proto-Finnic *-n, from Proto-Uralic *-n.

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. Used to form the instructive case, usually only in the plural.
    Pääsin ojan yli kuivin jaloin "I could cross the ditch with dry feet."
Usage notesEdit
  • The only occasion where this suffix is used with a possessive suffix — without being to be translated — is the idiom käydä päinsä "to be acceptable" (the plural stem päi- of the noun pää and the suffix -nsä).

Etymology 4Edit

From Proto-Finnic *-n, from Proto-Uralic first-person singular suffix *-mV, probably connected with the first person pronoun *mV; see minä.

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. (personal) the first-person singular suffix for verbs
    lukea -> luen "I read/am reading"
    kadottaa -> kadotin "I lost (an item)"
    • tulla -> en tule "I won't come/I'm not coming" (to express negation, the suffix is in the negation verb instead of the main verb)
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit

GaroEdit

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. emphasis marker
    Uan re·angaha
    He did go away
    Napbabo, da·on!
    Come in, right now!

GermanEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): [n]
  • Audio(file)

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. Alternative form of -en

Usage notesEdit

  • Used after -er, -el except in adjectives, where it is uncommon. Also used after vowels and vowel + -r, -l, but chiefly restricted to dated, poetic, or colloquial usage (except in Herrn, sein, tun).
  • The use after reduced -e (as in Affe → Affen) is more often interpreted in such a way that -e is deleted before the suffix -en, because the same happens before other suffixes (cf. Äffin, Äffchen). However, it may also be interpreted as -e + -n.

HungarianEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (cf. postpositions)
ed suffix who? what? this that he/she
(it)*
case v. pr. c.
nom. – ki mi ez az ő* / ∅
az / ∅		 – –
acc. -t / -ot /
-at / -et / -öt		 kit mit ezt azt őt* / ∅
azt / ∅		 – c1
c2
dat. -nak / -nek kinek minek ennek annak neki neki- c
ins. -val / -vel kivel mivel ezzel/
evvel		 azzal/
avval		 vele c
c-f. -ért kiért miért ezért azért érte – c
tra. -vá / -vé kivé mivé ezzé azzá – – c
ter. -ig – meddig eddig addig – – c
e-f. -ként (kiként) (miként) ekként akként – – c
e-m. -ul / -ül – – – – – – c
ine. -ban / -ben kiben miben ebben abban benne – c
sup. -n/-on/-en/-ön kin min ezen azon rajta (rajta-) c
ade. -nál / -nél kinél minél ennél annál nála – c
ill. -ba / -be kibe mibe ebbe abba bele bele- c
sub. -ra / -re kire mire erre arra rá rá- c
all. -hoz/-hez/-höz kihez mihez ehhez ahhoz hozzá hozzá- c
el. -ból / -ből kiből miből ebből abból belőle – c
del. -ról / -ről kiről miről erről arról róla – c
abl. -tól / -től kitől mitől ettől attól tőle – c
*: Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be
construed likewise. – Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All »

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

SuffixEdit

-n

  2. (case suffix) on. Used to form the superessive case from nouns, adjectives, participles, and certain pronouns.
    hajó (“ship”) → a hajón (“on the ship”)
Usage notesEdit
  • (case suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -on is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -en is added to unrounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ön is added to rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
   Hungarian case suffixes
Case Back vowel
a, á, o, ó, u, ú 		Front vowel
unrounded
e, é, i, í 		rounded
ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative —
accusative -t
-ot / -at -et -öt
dative -nak -nek
instrumental -val -vel
causal-final -ért
translative -vá -vé
terminative -ig
essive-formal -ként
essive-modal -ul -ül
inessive -ban -ben
superessive -n
-on -en -ön
adessive -nál -nél
illative -ba -be
sublative -ra -re
allative -hoz -hez -höz
elative -ból -ből
delative -ról -ről
ablative -tól -től
Note for all endings:
Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként.
    alma — almában, but almaként
    zene ― zenében, but zeneként

See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

SuffixEdit

-n

  2. (deadjectival adverb suffix) Added to an adjective to form an adverb.
    ritka (“rare”) → ritkán (“rarely”)
  4. (denumeral and depronominal adverb suffix) Added to a numeral to form an adverb.
    mindnyája (“all of us/you/them”, obsolete) → mindnyájan (“all of us/you/them”, as an adverb, compare “in full”)
Usage notesEdit
  • (deadjectival adverb-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -an is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -on is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -en is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant, as well as some front-vowel words ending in a vowel. Their original word-final vowel may be lost (e.g. könnyű) or supplemented with a consonant (e.g. bő, hű).
  • (denumeral and depronominal adverb-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -n is added to some (very few) words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -an is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -en is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant, as well as some front-vowel words ending in a vowel. Their original word-final vowel may be lost (e.g. kettő).
Derived termsEdit
Hungarian adverbs suffixed with -n

See alsoEdit

IdoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Esperanto -n, from German -en, Ancient Greek -ν (-n).

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. suffix forming accusative

Usage notesEdit

The accusative ending in Ido is only required if the speaker breaks the subject–object word order in Ido, one can not use the accusative ending if the word order is followed. E.g.

  • La hundo chasas la skurelo. ― The dog chases the squirrel.
  • La skurelon chasas la hundo. ― The dog chases the squirrel.

JapaneseEdit

RomanizationEdit

-n

  1. Rōmaji transcription of ん
  2. Rōmaji transcription of ン

Northern SamiEdit

PronunciationEdit

  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Samic *-mē, from Proto-Uralic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.

SuffixEdit

-n (with odd-syllable stems -eapmi)

  2. Forms verbal nouns from verbs.
Usage notesEdit
  • This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
InflectionEdit
Odd, no gradation
Nominative -n
Genitive -ma
Singular Plural
Nominative -n -mat
Accusative -ma -miid
Genitive -ma -miid
Illative -mii -miidda
Locative -mis -miin
Comitative -miin -miiguin
Essive -min
Possessive forms
Singular Dual Plural
1st person -man -meamẹ -meamẹt
2nd person -mat -meattẹ -meattẹt
3rd person -mis -measkkạ -measẹt
Derived termsEdit
Northern Sami words suffixed with -n (verbal noun)

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Samic *-një.

SuffixEdit

-n

  2. Forms instrument nouns from verbs.
Usage notesEdit
  • This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
InflectionEdit
Odd, no gradation
Nominative -n
Genitive -na
Singular Plural
Nominative -n -nat
Accusative -na -niid
Genitive -na -niid
Illative -nii -niidda
Locative -nis -niin
Comitative -niin -niiguin
Essive -nin
Possessive forms
Singular Dual Plural
1st person -nan -neamẹ -neamẹt
2nd person -nat -neattẹ -neattẹt
3rd person -nis -neaskkạ -neasẹt
Derived termsEdit
Northern Sami words suffixed with -n (instrument)

Etymology 3Edit

From Proto-Samic *-nē, from Proto-Uralic *-na. Cognate with Finnish -na.

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. The ending of the essive case.
Usage notesEdit
  • This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Etymology 4Edit

From Proto-Samic *-më. Cognate with the first element of the Finnish fourth infinitive -mi-nen ~ -mi-se-.

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. The ending of the past participle.
Usage notesEdit
  • This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

OjibweEdit

FinalEdit

-n

  1. nominalizer

See alsoEdit

Derived termsEdit

  • atoobaan (“large container for liquid”)

ReferencesEdit

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. A suffix denoting the plural of an inanimate noun
  2. A suffix denoting the obviative of an animate noun
  3. A suffix denoting the second-person singular imperative of an animate intransitive verb (vai)
  4. A suffix denoting the first, second or third-person singular to singular object form of an animate intransitive verb with an object (vai+o)
  5. A suffix denoting the first, second or third-person singular to singular object form of a Type 3 transitive inanimate verb (vti3)
  6. A suffix denoting the second-person singular to singular or plural object imperative of a Type 3 transitive inanimate verb (vti3)
  7. A suffix denoting the first, second or third-person singular to singular object form of a Type 4 transitive inanimate verb (vti4)
  8. A suffix denoting the first-person singular to second-person singular form of a transitive animate verb (vta) with an -aw or Cw ending

See alsoEdit

PitjantjatjaraEdit

PronounEdit

-n (second person singular nominative, bound form of nyuntu)

  1. you (singular)

Usage notesEdit

Bound pronouns can be used instead of the regular "long form" pronouns. They act as clitics that attach to the last word of the first noun phrase in the sentence, or the conjunctions ka or munu if present.

Related termsEdit

Pitjantjatjara personal pronouns (nominative case)
Singular Dual Plural
First person ngayulu (I)
Bound form: -ṉa 		ngali (we two)
Bound form: -li 		nganaṉa (we, more than two)
Bound form: -la
Second person nyuntu (you)
Bound form: -n 		nyupali (you two) nyura (you, more than two)
Third person paluṟu (he/she/it) pula (they two) tjana (they, more than two)
Bound form: -ya

QuechuaEdit

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. Indicates third-person singular possessive.
    wasi (“house”) → wasin (“his/her/its house”)
  2. Third-person singular subject.
    rimay (“to speak”) → pay riman (“he/she/it speaks”)
  3. Alternative spelling of -m

See alsoEdit

SomaliEdit

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. Added to nouns to denote a specific or particular example

SwedishEdit

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. Suffix for singular definite form of common nouns, especially those ending with a vowel or with an unstressed -el, -er or -or. See also -en
  2. Suffix for plural indefinite form of neuter nouns, if they end in a vowel. See also -t, -en.
  3. A version of the -en of the fourth conjugation past participles. This allomorph is used only before the suffix -a, which marks for plural or definiteness. The -na of these participle forms may also be seen described as one morpheme.
  4. Suffix which creates nouns out of certain verbs, usually denoting a result of an action. See also -an

ZazakiEdit

SuffixEdit

-n

  1. Suffix which creates nouns out of certain verbs, usually denoting a result of an action. See also -an
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