-tlen
See also: tlen
Hungarian
editEtymology
editDerived as a shortening of -telen (“-less, without”).[1] See the Usage notes section below.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-tlen (comparative -tlenebb, superlative leg- -tlenebb)
- (adjective-forming suffix) -less, un-, dis- (a privative suffix added to a noun or an adjective to form adjectives with a meaning of lacking something)
Usage notes
edit- (adjective-forming suffix) Variants:
- -talan is added to back-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives)
- -telen is added to front-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives)
- -tlan is added to back-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives) ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.
- -tlen is added to front-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives) ending in a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -atlan is added to back-vowel verbs and nouns (occasionally adjectives)
- -etlen is added to front-vowel verbs and nouns (occasionally adjectives)
- Using two different suffix variants with the same stem may result in different meanings:
Declension
editInflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -tlen | -tlenek |
accusative | -tlent | -tleneket |
dative | -tlennek | -tleneknek |
instrumental | -tlennel | -tlenekkel |
causal-final | -tlenért | -tlenekért |
translative | -tlenné | -tlenekké |
terminative | -tlenig | -tlenekig |
essive-formal | -tlenként | -tlenekként |
essive-modal | -tlenül | -tlenekül |
inessive | -tlenben | -tlenekben |
superessive | -tlenen | -tleneken |
adessive | -tlennél | -tleneknél |
illative | -tlenbe | -tlenekbe |
sublative | -tlenre | -tlenekre |
allative | -tlenhez | -tlenekhez |
elative | -tlenből | -tlenekből |
delative | -tlenről | -tlenekről |
ablative | -tlentől | -tlenektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
-tlené | -tleneké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
-tlenéi | -tlenekéi |
Derived terms
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ -tlen in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)