dis-
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English dis-, borrowed from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
dis-
- Not, the reverse of. (Especially forming words with a negative connotation)
- Synonyms: un-, non-, de-, in-, an-, a-
- dis- + agree → disagree
- dis- + connect → disconnect
- dis- + satisfied → dissatisfied
- dis- + interested → disinterested
- dis- + honour → dishonour
- Expressing separation or removal.
- Used as an intensifier.
- dis- + embowel → disembowel
- dis- + annul → disannul (“to annul”)
- Alternative form of dys- (“incorrect”)
- dis- + function → disfunction
Usage notes edit
- When attached to a verbal root, prefixes often change the first vowel (whether initial or preceded by a consonant/consonant cluster) of that verb. These phonological changes took place in Latin and usually do not apply to words created (as in New Latin) from Latin components since Latin became a 'dead' language. Note: the combination of prefix and following vowel did not always yield the same change. (see examples below at con- + -a-) Also, these changes in vowels are not necessarily particular to being prefixed with dis- (i.e. other prefixes sometimes cause the same vowel change- see con-, ex-).
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
NOTE: Words using the prefix dis- do not necessarily use the prefixes given here when translated. See individual words for more accurate translations.
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See also edit
See also edit
References edit
- “dis-”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- “dis-”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Anagrams edit
Catalan edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-).
Prefix edit
dis-
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Latin dis-. Compare the inherited des-.
Prefix edit
dis-
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “dis-” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “dis-”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “dis-” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
dis-
Esperanto edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
dis-
- shows separation, dissemination, e.g. semi (“sow”) > dissemi (“disseminate”) ; ŝiri (“tear”) > disŝiri (“tear to pieces”).
Derived terms edit
French edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin dis-. Compare the inherited dé-.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
dis-
Derived terms edit
Friulian edit
Etymology edit
From Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. See also s-.
Prefix edit
dis-
- dis-
- as intensifier
- dis- + sfidâ (“to challenge”) → disfidâ (“to compete”)
- dis- + scuvierzi (“to discover, to uncover”) → discuvierzi (“to find out, to unveil”)
Derived terms edit
Gothic edit
Romanization edit
dis-
- Romanization of 𐌳𐌹𐍃-
Ido edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Esperanto dis-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.
Prefix edit
dis-
- shows separation or dissemination
Derived terms edit
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch dis-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
dis-
- dis- (“reversal, removal; apart”)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “dis-” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Irish edit
Prefix edit
dis-
- Alternative form of dios-
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
dis- | dhis- | ndis- |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Italian edit
Etymology edit
From Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. See also s-.
Prefix edit
dis-
- dis-
- dis- + fare (“do”) → disfare (“undo”)
- dis- + organizzare (“organize”) → disorganizzare (“disorganize”)
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Italic *dwis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. Cognate with Ancient Greek δίς (dís), Sanskrit द्विस् (dvis). Doublet of bis.
Prefix edit
dis-
- asunder, apart, in two
- dīmittō ― dismiss, disband
- discēdō ― part, separate
- reversal, removal
- dissimulō ― disguise, conceal
- utterly, exceedingly
- differtus ― stuffed full
Usage notes edit
- Before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, sc, sp, st and v, the prefix becomes dī-.
- Before f, the prefix becomes dif-.
- Before a consonantal i, the prefix may become dī- or remain as dis-.
- Before a vowel or h, the prefix becomes dir- in the two verbs diribeō and dirimō, which arose early enough to be subject to rhotacism, but from Classical Latin onwards, dis- is used (see, for example, dishiascō in Cato).
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “dis-”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Old French des- and its source Latin dis-.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
dis-
- Forms words denoting reversal or removal; dis-, de-.
- Synonym: de-
- Intensifies words with a negative connotation; dis-, de-.
- Synonym: de-
Usage notes edit
- Sometimes used interchangeably with de-; see that entry for more.
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “des-, pref.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- “dis-, pref.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Latin dis-. Compare the inherited des-.
Prefix edit
dis-
- dis- (indicates separation)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from New Latin dys-, from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “bad, hard”).
Alternative forms edit
Prefix edit
dis-
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin dis-. Compare the inherited des-.
Prefix edit
dis-
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “dis-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Welsh edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
dis-
- intensifying prefix
- negative prefix
Derived terms edit
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
dis- | ddis- | nis- | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |