Wiktionary

dis-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dis"

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle English dis-, borrowed from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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dis-

  2. Not, the reverse of. (Especially forming words with a negative connotation)
    Synonyms: un-, non-, de-, in-, an-, a-
    ‎dis- + ‎agree → ‎disagree
    ‎dis- + ‎connect → ‎disconnect
    ‎dis- + ‎satisfied → ‎dissatisfied
    ‎dis- + ‎interested → ‎disinterested
    ‎dis- + ‎honour → ‎dishonour
  4. Expressing separation or removal.
    ‎dis- + ‎card → ‎discard (“to throw out a card”)
    ‎dis- + ‎bar → ‎disbar (“to expel from the bar”)
    ‎dis- + ‎franchise → ‎disfranchise (“to remove one's franchise, to prevent from voting”)
  6. Used as an intensifier.
    ‎dis- + ‎embowel → ‎disembowel
    ‎dis- + ‎annul → ‎disannul (“to annul”)
  8. Alternative form of dys- (“incorrect”)
    ‎dis- + ‎function → ‎disfunction

Usage notes

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  • When attached to a verbal root, prefixes often change the first vowel (whether initial or preceded by a consonant/consonant cluster) of that verb. These phonological changes took place in Latin and usually do not apply to words created (as in New Latin) from Latin components since Latin became a 'dead' language. Note: the combination of prefix and following vowel did not always yield the same change. (see examples below at con- + -a-) Also, these changes in vowels are not necessarily particular to being prefixed with dis- (i.e. other prefixes sometimes cause the same vowel change- see con-, ex-).

Derived terms

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English terms prefixed with dis-

Translations

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NOTE: Words using the prefix dis- do not necessarily use the prefixes given here when translated. See individual words for more accurate translations.

See also

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See also

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References

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Anagrams

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Catalan

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-).

Prefix

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dis-

  1. dys- (bad)
    disfàsia ― dysphasia

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Latin dis-. Compare the inherited des-.

Prefix

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dis-

  1. indicates negation
    ‎dis- + ‎sort (“luck”) → ‎dissort (“misfortune”)
Derived terms
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Catalan terms prefixed with dis-

Further reading

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Dutch

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Etymology

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Ultimately from Latin dis-.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /dɪs/
  • Audio:(file)

Prefix

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dis-

  1. dis-
Dutch terms prefixed with dis-

Esperanto

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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dis-

  1. shows separation, dissemination, e.g. semi (“sow”) > dissemi (“disseminate”) ; ŝiri (“tear”) > disŝiri (“tear to pieces”).

Derived terms

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Esperanto terms prefixed with dis-

French

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin dis-. Compare the inherited dé-.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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dis-

  1. dis-

Derived terms

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French terms prefixed with dis-

Friulian

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Etymology

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From Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. See also s-.

Prefix

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dis-

  1. dis-
    ‎dis- + ‎sglonfâ (“to inflate”) → ‎disglonfâ (“to deflate”)
    ‎dis- + ‎florî (“to bloom”) → ‎disflorî (“to wither”)
  2. as intensifier
    ‎dis- + ‎sfidâ (“to challenge”) → ‎disfidâ (“to compete”)
    ‎dis- + ‎scuvierzi (“to discover, to uncover”) → ‎discuvierzi (“to find out, to unveil”)

Derived terms

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Friulian terms prefixed with dis-

Gothic

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Romanization

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dis-

  1. Romanization of 𐌳𐌹𐍃-

Ido

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Esperanto dis-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.

Prefix

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dis-

  1. shows separation or dissemination

Derived terms

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Ido terms prefixed with dis-

Indonesian

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Etymology

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From Dutch dis-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [dɪs]
  • Hyphenation: dis

Prefix

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dis-

  1. dis- (“reversal, removal; apart”)

Derived terms

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Indonesian terms prefixed with dis-

Further reading

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Irish

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Prefix

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dis-

  1. Alternative form of dios-

Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
dis- dhis- ndis-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Italian

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Etymology

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From Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. See also s-.

Prefix

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dis-

  1. dis-
    ‎dis- + ‎fare (“do”) → ‎disfare (“undo”)
    ‎dis- + ‎organizzare (“organize”) → ‎disorganizzare (“disorganize”)

Derived terms

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Italian terms prefixed with dis-

See also

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Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Seemingly a mix of Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”), Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“two”) (doublet of bi-) and Proto-Indo-European *dwís (“twice, in two”) (doublet of bis), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”). De Vaan proposes that either Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”) was reformed to Proto-Italic *dis- by analogy with Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“two”), or that *dwis- was changed to *dis- by dissimilation before roots starting with *w.[1] Cognate with Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-), Ancient Greek διά (diá), Ancient Greek δίς (dís), Sanskrit द्विस् (dvis).

Prefix

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dis-

  1. asunder, apart, in two
    dīmittō ― dismiss, disband
    discēdō ― part, separate
  2. reversal, removal
    dissimulō ― disguise, conceal
  3. utterly, exceedingly
    differtus ― stuffed full

Usage notes

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  • Before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, sc, sp, st and v, the prefix becomes dī-.
  • Before f, the prefix becomes dif-.
  • Before a consonantal i, the prefix may become dī- or remain as dis-.
  • Before a vowel or h, the prefix becomes dir- in the two verbs diribeō and dirimō, which arose early enough to be subject to rhotacism, but from Classical Latin onwards, dis- is used (see, for example, dishiascō in Cato).

Derived terms

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Latin terms prefixed with dis-
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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “dis-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 171-172

Further reading

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Old French des- and its source Latin dis-.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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dis-

  1. Forms words denoting reversal or removal; dis-, de-.
    Synonym: de-
  2. Intensifies words with a negative connotation; dis-, de-.
    Synonym: de-

Usage notes

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  • Sometimes used interchangeably with de-; see that entry for more.

Derived terms

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Middle English terms prefixed with dis-

Descendants

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References

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Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Latin dis-. Compare the inherited des-.

Prefix

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dis-

  1. dis- (indicates separation)
Derived terms
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Portuguese terms prefixed with dis-

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from New Latin dys-, from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “bad, hard”).

Alternative forms

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Prefix

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dis-

  1. (medicine) dys- (forms the names of conditions characterised by difficult or inadequate function)
  2. dys- (bad or wrong)

Spanish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin dis-. Compare the inherited des-.

Prefix

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dis-

  1. dis-

Derived terms

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Spanish terms prefixed with dis-

Further reading

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Welsh

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Pronunciation

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Prefix

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dis-

  1. intensifying prefix
    ‎dis- + ‎taw (“quiet, silent”) → ‎distaw (“silent, noiseless”)
    ‎dis- + ‎pwyll (“consideration”) → ‎disbwyll (“discretion, prudence”)
  2. negative prefix
    Synonyms: af-, an-, di-
    ‎dis- + ‎cloff (“lame”) → ‎disgloff (“sure footed, agile”)

Derived terms

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Welsh terms prefixed with dis-

Mutation

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Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
dis- ddis- nis- unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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