Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brekaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbre.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*brekaną

1. to break

Inflection

Conjugation of *brekaną (strong class 4)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*brekō	*brekaų	—	*brekai	?
2nd singular	*brikizi	*brekaiz	*brek	*brekazai	*brekaizau
3rd singular	*brikidi	*brekai	*brekadau	*brekadai	*brekaidau
1st dual	*brekōz	*brekaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*brekadiz	*brekaidiz	*brekadiz	—	—
1st plural	*brekamaz	*brekaim	—	*brekandai	*brekaindau
2nd plural	*brikid	*brekaid	*brikid	*brekandai	*brekaindau
3rd plural	*brekandi	*brekain	*brekandau	*brekandai	*brekaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*brak	*brēkį̄
2nd singular	*braht	*brēkīz
3rd singular	*brak	*brēkī
1st dual	*brēkū	*brēkīw
2nd dual	*brēkudiz	*brēkīdiz
1st plural	*brēkum	*brēkīm
2nd plural	*brēkud	*brēkīd
3rd plural	*brēkun	*brēkīn
	present	past
participles	*brekandz	*brukanaz

Derived terms

• *brēkiz
• *bruhtiz
• *brukiz
• *brukulaz
• *frabrekaną

Related terms

• *brakōną
• *braką
• *brakǭ
• *brukkōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *brekan
  • Old English: brecan
    • Middle English: breken
      • Scots: breke
      • English: break
  • Old Frisian: breka
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr-Amrum: breeg

      Helgoland and Sylt: breek

      Mooring: breege

    • Saterland Frisian: breke
    • West Frisian: brekke
  • Old Saxon: brekan
    • Middle Low German: breken
      • Low German: breken
      • → Danish: brække
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: brekke
      • → Swedish: bräcka
  • Old Dutch: *brecan
    • Middle Dutch: brēken
      • Dutch: breken
      • Limburgish: braeke
  • Old High German: brehhan
    • Middle High German: brechen
      • German: brechen
      • Luxembourgish: briechen
      • Rhine Franconian:

        Pennsylvania German: breche

      • Yiddish: ברעכן‎ (brekhn)
  • → Franco-Provençal: breyér

    Bressan: brayë

    Fribourgeois: brêyi

  • → Old French: broiier (see there for further descendants)
• Gothic: 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (brikan)
  • → Catalan: bregar
  • → Galician: breigar
  • → Italian: brigare, briga
    • → Serbo-Croatian:

      Cyrillic script: бри̏га

      Latin script: brȉga

      • → Bulgarian: брига (briga)
    • Slovene: briga, brigati
  • → Portuguese: brigar
    • Papiamentu: bringa
  • → Spanish: bregar
  • → Venetian: sbregar