breken
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch brēken, from Old Dutch *brecan, from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
breken
InflectionEdit
Inflection of breken (strong class 4) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | breken | |||
past singular | brak | |||
past participle | gebroken | |||
infinitive | breken | |||
gerund | breken n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | breek | brak | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | breekt | brak | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | breekt | brak | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | breekt | braakt | ||
3rd person singular | breekt | brak | ||
plural | breken | braken | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | breke | brake | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | breken | braken | ||
imperative sing. | breek | |||
imperative plur.1 | breekt | |||
participles | brekend | gebroken | ||
1) Archaic. |
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
AnagramsEdit
Low GermanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Low German brēken, from Old Saxon brekan, from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-. Cognate to Plautdietsch bräken, Dutch breken, German brechen, West Frisian brekke, English break, Danish brække.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
breken (third-person singular simple present brickt, past tense brook, past participle braken, auxiliary verb hebben)
- to break
ConjugationEdit
infinitive | breken | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | preterite |
1st person singular | breek | brook |
2nd person singular | bricks(t) | brooks(t) |
3rd person singular | brick(t) | brook |
plural | breekt, breeken | broken |
imperative | present | — |
singular | breek | |
plural | breekt | |
participle | present | past |
breken | (e)braken, gebraken | |
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
Middle DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Dutch *brecan, from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.
VerbEdit
brēken
- to break, to break into pieces
- to break, to be broken
- to destroy
- to break in
- to end, to diminish, to weaken
- to break, to overcome resistance, to subdue
InflectionEdit
Strong class 4 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | brēken | |
3rd sg. past | brac | |
3rd pl. past | brâken | |
Past participle | gebroken | |
Infinitive | brēken | |
In genitive | brēkens | |
In dative | brēkene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | brēke | brac |
2nd singular | brēecs, brēkes | brâecs, brâkes |
3rd singular | brēect, brēket | brac |
1st plural | brēken | brâken |
2nd plural | brēect, brēket | brâect, brâket |
3rd plural | brēken | brâken |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | brēke | brâke |
2nd singular | brēecs, brēkes | brâkes |
3rd singular | brēke | brâke |
1st plural | brēken | brâken |
2nd plural | brēect, brēket | brâket |
3rd plural | brēken | brâken |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | brec, brēec, brēke | |
Plural | brēect, brēket | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | brēkende | gebroken |
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “breken (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “breken”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old English brecan, from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną. Doublet of brayen (“to break up”).
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
breken
- to break
ConjugationEdit
infinitive | (to) breken, breke | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | breke | brak, brek | |
2nd-person singular | brekest | breke, brake, brak, brek | |
3rd-person singular | breketh | brak, brek | |
subjunctive singular | breke | breke1, brake1 | |
imperative singular | — | ||
plural2 | breken, breke | breken, breke, braken, brake | |
imperative plural | breketh, breke | — | |
participles | brekynge, brekende | broken, broke, ybroken, ybroke |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “brēken, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.