Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaldaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

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Etymology

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From the original past participle of *kalaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gel-.[1] Diachronically from Proto-Indo-European *goltós.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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*kaldaz

  1. cold
    Antonyms: *warmaz, *haitaz

Inflection

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Declension of *kaldaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kaldaz *kaldō *kaldą, -atō *kaldai *kaldôz *kaldō
accusative *kaldanǭ *kaldǭ *kaldą, -atō *kaldanz *kaldōz *kaldō
genitive *kaldas, -is *kaldaizōz *kaldas, -is *kaldaizǫ̂ *kaldaizǫ̂ *kaldaizǫ̂
dative *kaldammai *kaldaizōi *kaldammai *kaldaimaz *kaldaimaz *kaldaimaz
instrumental *kaldanō *kaldaizō *kaldanō *kaldaimiz *kaldaimiz *kaldaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kaldô *kaldǭ *kaldô *kaldaniz *kaldōniz *kaldōnō
accusative *kaldanų *kaldōnų *kaldô *kaldanunz *kaldōnunz *kaldōnō
genitive *kaldiniz *kaldōniz *kaldiniz *kaldanǫ̂ *kaldōnǫ̂ *kaldanǫ̂
dative *kaldini *kaldōni *kaldini *kaldammaz *kaldōmaz *kaldammaz
instrumental *kaldinē *kaldōnē *kaldinē *kaldammiz *kaldōmiz *kaldammiz

Derived terms

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  • *kaldāną
  • *kaldį̄
    • Middle Dutch: kelde coude (see there for further descendants)
    • Old High German: kaltī (see there for further descendants)
  • *kaldijǭ
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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kalda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 278