Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hā́fš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps

Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-.

Noun

*Hā́fš f

1. water

Derived terms

• *Hā́pākaH

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Old Avestan: 𐬀𐬞𐬋 (apō, acc.pl.)
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬞 (ap), 𐬁𐬟𐬱 (āfš, nom.sg.)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Bactrian:

    Manichaean: 𐫏𐫀𐫂 (/⁠āb, āβ⁠/)

    Greek: αββο (abbo)

  • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾb /⁠āb⁠/)
  • Sogdic: [script needed] (*ā́p)
    • Sogdian: (/⁠ā́p⁠/)

      Buddhist: [script needed] (ʾʾp)

      Christian: [script needed] (ʾp)

      Manichaean: 𐫀𐫀𐫛 (ʾʾp)

    • Yagnobi: ṓp, ōw
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Pashto: آب (āb)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: آپ (áp)
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: av

    Central Kurdish: ئاو (aw)

    Southern Kurdish: ئاو (aw)

    Laki: ئاو (aw)

  • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *ā́fš
    • Old Median: *āfš
      • Middle Median: *āv
        • Kermanic:

          Abuzeydabadi, Badrudi, Bijagani, Delijani, Meymehi, Nashalji, Qalhari, Qohrudi: ōw

          Abyanehi, Naraqi, Terrehi: ōv

          Badrudi, Chimehi, Farizandi: ou

          Jowshaqani: ū

          Mahallati, Meymehi: ō

          Nayini: āō

          Yarandi: āv

          Yazdi: vō

        • Sivandi: au
        • Tatic:
          • Talysh: آو (âv), او (ov)
          • Old Tati:

            Old Azari: آو (āw)

            • Alviri-Vidari: او (ov)
            • Eshtehardi: اِو (eow)
            • Karingani: او (öv)
            • Harzani: او (ū)
      • Semnani: ō
    • Tabari:
      • Gilaki: [script needed] (ōv)
      • Mazanderani: او (ow)
    • Zaza-Gurani:
      • Zazaki: awe
      • Gurani: ئاوی (āʋī)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Larestani–Gulf:
    • Gulf:
      • Bashkardi: [script needed] (yāp), [script needed] (yā), [script needed] (ău)

        Bandari: [script needed] (hü)

      • Kumzari: آو (āw)
    • Larestani: او (ow), هو (how)
  • Old Persian: [Term?] (/⁠āpī[š]⁠/, nom.sg.), 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a /⁠apiya⁠/, loc.sg.) (transferred to i-stem)
    • Middle Persian:

      Manichaean: 𐫀𐫁 (ʾb /⁠āb⁠/)

      Pahlavi: 𐭠𐭯 (ʾp /⁠āp/, /āβ⁠/)

      • Classical Persian: آب (āb)
        • Dari: آب (āb), (dialectal) اَو (aw)
        • Hazaragi: اَو (aw)
        • Iranian Persian: آب (âb)
        • Tajik: об (ob)
        • → Ottoman Turkish: آب (āb)
          • Turkish: ab
    • Lurish:

      Northern Luri: آۏ (aö)

      • Silakhori: اۋ (oü)

      Bakhtiari: ںۏ (əö)

      Southern Luri: ںۏ (əö)