ab
TranslingualEdit
SymbolEdit
ab
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Abbreviation of abdominal muscles.
NounEdit
ab (plural abs)
- (informal) abdominal muscle. [Mid 20th century.][1]
- 2006, H. Peter Steeves, The Things Themselves, page 75:
- The bikinied models in most of the ESPN2 shows have abs. Many of the malnourished bikinied models in the commercials have visible rib cages. How did the two get conflated into a shared vision of beauty?
- 2010, Bill Geiger, "6-pack Abs in 9 Weeks", Reps! 17:106
- When possible, do your ab workout on a day when you're not training a major muscle group […] .
Usage notesEdit
Most often used attributively. Substantive use is more common in the plural form abs.
TranslationsEdit
|
Etymology 2Edit
Abbreviation of abscess.
NounEdit
ab (plural abs)
TranslationsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Abbreviations.
VerbEdit
ab (third-person singular simple present abs, present participle abbing, simple past and past participle abbed)
- (climbing, informal) To abseil.
- 1998, Climbing (issues 178-180, page 22)
- I had a climbing rope in my pack, set up an abseil with it, and abbed down to him.
- 1998, Climbing (issues 178-180, page 22)
- Abbreviation of abort.
NounEdit
ab
- Abbreviation of abortion.
PrepositionEdit
ab
- Abbreviation of about.
AdverbEdit
ab
- Abbreviation of about.
Etymology 4Edit
From the spelling books and the fact that it was the first of the letter combinations.[2]
NounEdit
ab (plural abs)
- (US) The early stages of; the beginning process; the start.
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief; William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “ab”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 2.
- ^ Mathews, Mitford M, ed. A Dictionary of Americanisms on Historical Principles. 1st. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956.
- “ab”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
- "ab" in Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, 2002.
- “ab”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
AnagramsEdit
AynuEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Persian آب (âb).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ab
ReferencesEdit
- Otto Ladstätter, Andreas Tietze, Die Abdal (Äynu) in Xinjiang (1994)
AzerbaijaniEdit
Cyrillic | аб | |
---|---|---|
Perso-Arabic | آب |
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Classical Persian آب (āb).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ab (definite accusative abı, plural ablar)
- (Classical Azerbaijani) water
- Synonym: su
DeclensionEdit
Declension of ab | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | ab |
ablar | ||||||
definite accusative | abı |
abları | ||||||
dative | aba |
ablara | ||||||
locative | abda |
ablarda | ||||||
ablative | abdan |
ablardan | ||||||
definite genitive | abın |
abların |
Related termsEdit
BlagarEdit
NounEdit
ab
ReferencesEdit
- A. Schapper (citing Steinhauer), Elevation in the spatial deictic systems of Alor-Pantar languages, in The Alor-Pantar languages: History and Typology, edited by Marian Klamer
- ASJP, citing L. C. Robinson and G. Holton, Internal classification of the Alor-Pantar language family using computational methods applied to the lexicon (2012)
CatalanEdit
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /ap/
- (Before a voiced consonant or a vowel) IPA(key): /ab/
- (Before a voiced consonant or a vowel in betacist dialects) IPA(key): /aβ/
PrepositionEdit
ab
- Obsolete form of amb.
DanishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
ab
Etymology 2Edit
See abe (“to ape, mimic”).
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
ab
- imperative of abe
Further readingEdit
- “ab” in Den Danske Ordbog
East Central GermanEdit
ParticleEdit
ab
- (Strehlen and Schömberg, Silesian) negative particle, do not
East YugurEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Mongolic *ab-, compare Mongolian авах (avax).
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
ab
GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle High German abe, ab, from Old High German ab, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab.
PrepositionEdit
ab (+ dative)
- beginning at that time or location; from
- Ab heute verfügbar.
- Available from today.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Norwegian Bokmål: ab
Etymology 2Edit
From adverbial use of the preposition in verbs such as abschlagen, abgehen etc.
AdjectiveEdit
ab (strong nominative masculine singular (nonstandard) abber, not comparable)
- (colloquial, predicative) off; not attached to anything anymore
- Der Arm ist ab.
- The arm is (hewn) off.
- (nonstandard, attributive) off; not attached to anything anymore
- Der abbe Arm ist verschwunden.
- The (hewn) off arm has disappeared.
Usage notesEdit
- The predicative use is common in colloquial German throughout the country.
- The attributive forms are mostly used in Western and Northern Germany and are considerably less common than the predicative use. They used to be used mostly jocularly, but become gradually more frequent since they are much shorter than the appropriate full verb forms such as abgetrennt (“disconnected, severed”).
- The inflected attributive forms retain the devoiced consonant. Hence, sometimes they are spelled with p, rather than b: appes Bein.
DeclensionEdit
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist ab | sie ist ab | es ist ab | sie sind ab | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | abber1 | abbe1 | abbes1 | abbe1 |
genitive | abben1 | abber1 | abben1 | abber1 | |
dative | abbem1 | abber1 | abbem1 | abben1 | |
accusative | abben1 | abbe1 | abbes1 | abbe1 | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der abbe1 | die abbe1 | das abbe1 | die abben1 |
genitive | des abben1 | der abben1 | des abben1 | der abben1 | |
dative | dem abben1 | der abben1 | dem abben1 | den abben1 | |
accusative | den abben1 | die abbe1 | das abbe1 | die abben1 | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein abber1 | eine abbe1 | ein abbes1 | (keine) abben1 |
genitive | eines abben1 | einer abben1 | eines abben1 | (keiner) abben1 | |
dative | einem abben1 | einer abben1 | einem abben1 | (keinen) abben1 | |
accusative | einen abben1 | eine abbe1 | ein abbes1 | (keine) abben1 |
1Nonstandard.
Related termsEdit
InterlinguaEdit
PrepositionEdit
ab
IrishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin abbas (“father”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אַבָּא (’abbā, “father”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ab m (genitive singular aba, nominative plural abaí)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
- mac an aba m (“ring finger”)
- tánaiste an aba m (“the next in rank to the abbot”)
- tiarna aba m (“lord abbot”)
Etymology 2Edit
Contraction of the relative particle a and the prevocalic variant of the past/conditional copula particle b’.
PronunciationEdit
ParticleEdit
ab
- Alternative form of ba (used in relative clauses before a vowel sound).
- Fear maith ab ea é.
- He was a good man.
- buachaill ab áirde ná mo dheartháir ― a boy (who was) taller than my brother
Related termsEdit
Simple copular forms
|
Compound copular forms
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
v Used before vowel sounds |
MutationEdit
Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
ab | n-ab | hab | t-ab |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further readingEdit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ab”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “ab” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “ab” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
K'iche'Edit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ab
ReferencesEdit
- Allen J. Christenson, Kʼiche-English dictionary, page 7
KeinEdit
NounEdit
ab
Further readingEdit
- Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975) (as ʌb)
- Bemal Organized Phonology Data (as ab)
LatinEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Italic *ap, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) (whence English off, of and after). See also po-. Cognate with ᾰ̓πό (apó).
PronunciationEdit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ab/, [äb]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ab/, [äb]
Audio (Classical) (file) Audio (Ecclesiastical) (file)
PrepositionEdit
ab (+ ablative)
- (indicating ablation): from, away from, out of
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1:
- Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.
- The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae.
- Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.
- (indicating ablation): down from
- (indicating agency): (source of action or event) by, by means of
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.4:
- Rex ab suis appellatur.
- The king is saluted by his men.
- Rex ab suis appellatur.
- (indicating instrumentality): (source of action or event) by, by means of, with
- 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Oration in favor of P. Sestius Pro P. Sestio Oratio.Ch. 42, sect. 92:
- Horum utro uti nolumus, altero est utendum. vim volumus exstingui, ius valeat necesse est, id est iudicia, quibus omne ius continetur; iudicia displicent aut nulla sunt, vis dominetur necesse est. hoc vident omnes: Milo et vidit et fecit, ut ius experiretur, vim depelleret. altero uti voluit, ut virtus audaciam vinceret; altero usus necessario est, ne virtus ab audacia vinceretur.
- ...so that virtue might not be overwhelmed by insolence.
- Horum utro uti nolumus, altero est utendum. vim volumus exstingui, ius valeat necesse est, id est iudicia, quibus omne ius continetur; iudicia displicent aut nulla sunt, vis dominetur necesse est. hoc vident omnes: Milo et vidit et fecit, ut ius experiretur, vim depelleret. altero uti voluit, ut virtus audaciam vinceret; altero usus necessario est, ne virtus ab audacia vinceretur.
- (indicating association): to, with
- Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer
- Homo sum, humani nihil ā me alienum puto.
- I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.
- Homo sum, humani nihil ā me alienum puto.
- Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer
- (indicating location): at, on, in
- (time) after, since
Usage notesEdit
Used in conjunction with passive verbs to mark the agent.
- Liber ā discipulō aperītur.
- The book is opened by the student.
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “ab”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ab in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- a gentle ascent: collis leniter ab infimo acclivis (opp. leniter a summo declivis)
- the east winds are blowing: venti ab ortu solis flant
- the Rhone[TR2] is the frontier between the Helvetii and the Sequani: Rhodanus Sequanos ab Helvetiis dividit
- to be far from town: longe, procul abesse ab urbe
- to devote every spare moment to...; to work without intermission at a thing: nullum tempus intermittere, quin (also ab opere, or ad opus)
- in the fifth year from the founding of the city: anno ab urbe condita quinto
- to be always at a person's side: ab alicuius latere non discedere
- to turn one's gaze away from an object: oculos deicere, removere ab aliqua re
- to trace one's descent from some one: originem ab aliquo trahere, ducere
- a native of England: ortus ab Anglis or oriundus ex Anglis
- from one's entry into civil life: ab ineunte (prima) aetate (De Or. 1. 21. 97)
- to begin with a thing: initium capere; incipere ab aliqua re
- to start from small beginnings: ab exiguis initiis proficisci
- the motive, cause, is to be found in..: causa repetenda est ab aliqua re (not quaerenda)
- to originate in, arise from: ab aliqua re proficisci
- to rescue from destruction: ab exitio, ab interitu aliquem vindicare
- to gain a person's esteem, friendship: gratiam inire ab aliquoor apud aliquem
- to look favourably upon; to support: propenso animo, studio esse or propensa voluntate esse in aliquem (opp. averso animo esse ab aliquo)
- to gain one's point with any one: aliquid ab aliquo impetrare
- to win golden opinions from every one: maximam ab omnibus laudem adipisci
- to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bene, male audire (ab aliquo)
- to use up, make full use of one's spare time: otio abūti or otium ad suum usum transferre
- to draw away some one's attention from a thing: alicuius animum ab aliqua re abducere
- to hold the same views: idem sentire (opp. dissentire ab aliquo)
- to apply to a person for advice: consilium petere ab aliquo
- to rescue from oblivion: aliquid ab oblivione vindicare
- to be quite uncivilised: ab omni cultu et humanitate longe abesse (B. G. 1. 1. 3)
- to be educated by some one: litteras discere ab aliquo
- to receive instruction from some one: institui or erudiri ab aliquo
- to derive an argument from a thing: argumentum ducere, sumere ex aliqua re or petere ab aliqua re
- to disagree with a person: dissentire, dissidere ab or cum aliquo
- to go back to the remote ages: repetere ab ultima (extrema, prisca) antiquitate (vetustate), ab heroicis temporibus
- to have no taste for the fine arts: abhorrere ab artibus (opp. delectari artibus)
- to go a long way back (in narrative): longe, alte (longius, altius) repetere (either absolute or ab aliqua re)
- no sound passed his lips: nulla vox est ab eo audita
- to extract an answer from some one: responsum ab aliquo ferre, auferre
- to translate from Plato: ab or de (not ex) Platone vertere, convertere, transferre
- to form, derive a word from... (used of the man who first creates the word): vocabulum, verbum, nomen ducere ab, ex...
- the word amicitia comes from amare: nomen amicitiae (or simply amicitia) dicitur ab amando
- to be separated by a deadly hatred: capitali odio dissidere ab aliquo (De Am. 1. 2)
- to prevent some one from growing angry, appease his anger: animum alicuius ab iracundia revocare
- to revenge oneself on some one: ulcisci aliquem, poenas expetere ab aliquo
- to revenge oneself on another for a thing or on some one's behalf: poenas alicuius or alicuius rei repetere ab aliquo
- to protect any one from wrong: ab iniuria aliquem defendere
- to neglect one's duty: ab officio discedere
- to neglect one's duty: de, ab officio decedere
- to let oneself be perverted from one's duty: ab officio abduci, avocari
- to have an inclination for a thing: propensum, proclivem esse ad aliquid (opp. alienum, aversum esse, abhorrere ab aliqua re)
- the principles which I have followed since I came to man's estate: meae vitae rationes ab ineunte aetate susceptae (Imp. Pomp. 1. 1.)
- to summon some one from the dead: aliquem ab inferis or a mortuis evocare, excitare (passive ab inferis exsistere)
- to ask for an oracular response: oraculum petere (ab aliquo)
- from beginning to end: ab ovo usque ad mala (proverb.)
- the conversation began with..: sermo ortus est ab aliqua re
- something has been left as a legacy by some one: hereditate aliquid relictum est ab aliquo
- I have received a legacy from a person: hereditas ad me or mihi venit ab aliquo (Verr. 2. 1. 10)
- to lend, borrow money at interest: pecuniam fenori (fenore) alicui dare, accipere ab aliquo
- to borrow money from some one: pecuniam mutuari or sumere mutuam ab aliquo
- to demand an account, an audit of a matter: rationem alicuius rei reposcere aliquem or ab aliquo
- to demand an account, an audit of a matter: rationem ab aliquo reptere de aliqua re (Cluent. 37. 104)
- to gain some one's favour: gratiam inire apud aliquem, ab aliquo (cf. sect. V. 12)
- to be on a person's side (not ab alicuius partibus): ab (cum) aliquo stare (Brut. 79. 273)
- to hold different views in politics: ab aliquo in re publica dissentire
- to deliver some one from slavery: ab aliquo servitutem or servitutis iugum depellere
- to exact a penalty from some one: poenam petere, repetere ab aliquo
- to exact a penalty from some one: poenas expetere ab aliquo
- to lay down arms: ab armis discedere (Phil. 11. 33)
- to demand satisfaction, restitution: res repetere (ab aliquo) (Off. 1. 11. 36)
- to gain a victory over the enemy: victoriam reportare ab hoste
- putting aside, except: cum discessi, -eris, -eritis ab
- a gentle ascent: collis leniter ab infimo acclivis (opp. leniter a summo declivis)
- Latin Dictionary, Lewis and Short, 1879.
- Lingua Latina, Hans H. Ørberg, 2005.
LatvianEdit
ConjunctionEdit
ab
SynonymsEdit
PrepositionEdit
ab
SynonymsEdit
LivonianEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
a'b
- (anatomy) shoulder
- Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
- help
Usage notesEdit
LĒL also features a partitive plural form with -īdi as in the example abīdi nustõ "to shrug."
DeclensionEdit
Middle IrishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Irish aub, from Proto-Celtic *abū.
NounEdit
ab f (genitive aba)
DescendantsEdit
MutationEdit
Middle Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ab | unchanged | n-ab |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Norwegian BokmålEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From German ab (“from”), from Middle High German ab, from Old High German ab (“of”), from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away, away from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).
PrepositionEdit
ab
- (economics) from; (i.e. delivered) for the seller's expense at a location and forwarded for the buyer's expense
- ab Frankfurt ― from Frankfurt
- ab varelager ― from inventory
- ab fabrikk ― from factory
- (economics, obsolete) as of
- ab mai
- as of May
Derived termsEdit
- abgeschmackt (“gross, tasteless”)
- abgeschmackthet (“grossness, tastelessness”)
Etymology 2Edit
From Latin ab (“from, away from, on, in”), from Proto-Italic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).
PronunciationEdit
- (modern) IPA(key): /ˈɑːbə/
- (older) IPA(key): /ɑˈbeː/
- (modern)
Audio (file) - (older)
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɑːbə, -eː
- Hyphenation: a‧b
PrepositionEdit
ab
- Only used in ab ovo (“ab ovo”)
Etymology 3Edit
Abbreviation of avbetaling (“installment”), verbal noun form of avbetale (“to pay off”), a compound of av + betale, first part av (“of, from, by, off”), from Old Norse af (“of, from, off, by”), from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) + second part betale (“pay, purchase”), from Middle Low German betalen (“of, from, off, by”), last part is the suffix -ing (“-ing”), from Old Norse -ingr m, -ingi m, -ing f, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.
NounEdit
ab
- (colloquial) Abbreviation of avbetaling (“installment”).
- 1974, Kari Bakke, Gråspurven, page 22:
- møbler og vaskemaskin på AB
- furniture and washing machine on installments
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
- avbetale (“pay in installments”)
ReferencesEdit
OccitanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
ab
ReferencesEdit
- Pei, Mario A. 1948. Ab and the survival of the Latin genitive in Old Italian. Italica 25. 104–106.
Old FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
ab
- (10th century) with
SynonymsEdit
- avoec (used throughout Old French into the Middle and modern French periods)
Old High GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *ab.
PrepositionEdit
ab
DescendantsEdit
Old OccitanEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
ab
- with
- circa 1000, unknown, Lo Poèma de Boecis:
- Non comprarias ab mil liuras d’argent.
- [That] you couldn't buy with a thousand pounds of silver.
DescendantsEdit
- Occitan: amb
ParaukEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
ab
Pennsylvania GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
Compare German ab, Dutch af, English off.
PrepositionEdit
ab
PumpokolEdit
NounEdit
ab
RomaniEdit
NounEdit
ab m (plural ab)
ScotsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Uncertain. Compare English hobble, Dutch hobbelen (“to lurch”), Danish happe (“to stutter”), Norwegian jabba (“to stammer”) and colloquial Swedish happla (“to stutter”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ab (plural abs)
VerbEdit
ab (simple past abed)
ReferencesEdit
- “ab, n.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Scottish GaelicEdit
NounEdit
ab m (genitive singular aba, plural abachan)
- Alternative form of aba
SumerianEdit
RomanizationEdit
ab
- Romanization of 𒀊 (ab)
TurkishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Ottoman Turkish آب (āb, “water”), from Persian آب (âb).
NounEdit
ab (definite accusative abı, plural ablar)
ReferencesEdit
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “ab”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
VolapükEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from German aber (“but”).
ConjunctionEdit
ab
WelshEdit
EtymologyEdit
From fab, soft mutation of mab (“son”).
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
ab
- A patronymic indicator; son of.
Usage notesEdit
This form is found before vowels. Before a consonant, the form ap is used.
AntonymsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ab”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
WolofEdit
ArticleEdit
ab
Usage notesEdit
Precedes the noun.