ab

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ab"

Translingual

Symbol

ab

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Abkhaz.

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /æb/

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æb

Etymology 1

Abs

Abbreviation of abdominal muscles.

Noun

ab (plural abs)

1. (informal) abdominal muscle. [Mid 20^th century.]
   • 2006, H. Peter Steeves, The Things Themselves, page 75:

     The bikinied models in most of the ESPN2 shows have abs. Many of the malnourished bikinied models in the commercials have visible rib cages. How did the two get conflated into a shared vision of beauty?

   • 2010, Bill Geiger, "6-pack Abs in 9 Weeks", Reps! 17:106

     When possible, do your ab workout on a day when you're not training a major muscle group […] .

Usage notes

Most often used attributively. Substantive use is more common in the plural form abs.

Translations

abdominal muscle

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 腹肌 (zh) (fùjī)

• Esperanto: ventromuskolo
• Finnish: vatsalihas (fi)
• French: abdo (fr)
• German: Bauchmuskeln (de) m pl
• Japanese: 腹筋 (ふっきん (fukkin))
• Polish: mięsień prosty brzucha m
• Russian: пресс (ru) m (press)
• Vietnamese: múi (vi), múi cơ, cơ bụng

Etymology 2

Abbreviation of abscess.

Noun

ab (plural abs)

1. (slang) An abscess caused by injecting an illegal drug, usually heroin.

Translations

an abscess caused by injecting an illegal drug

Etymology 3

Abbreviations.

Verb

ab (third-person singular simple present abs, present participle abbing, simple past and past participle abbed)

1. (climbing, informal) To abseil.
   • 1998, Climbing (issues 178-180, page 22)

     I had a climbing rope in my pack, set up an abseil with it, and abbed down to him.

2. Abbreviation of abort.

Noun

ab

1. Abbreviation of abortion.

Preposition

ab

1. Abbreviation of about.

Adverb

ab

1. Abbreviation of about.

Etymology 4

From the spelling books and the fact that it was the first of the letter combinations.

Noun

ab (plural abs)

1. (US) The early stages of; the beginning process; the start.

References

• “ab”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
• "ab" in Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, 2002.
• “ab”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Anagrams

• -ba-, B. A., B.A., BA, Ba, ba, ba'

Aynu

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian آب‎ (âb).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑb/

Noun

ab

1. water

References

• Otto Ladstätter, Andreas Tietze, Die Abdal (Äynu) in Xinjiang (1994)

Azerbaijani

Other scripts

Cyrillic		аб
Perso-Arabic		آب‎

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian آب‎ (āb).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɑb]

• Audio (Baku)

  (file)

Noun

ab (definite accusative abı, plural ablar)

1. (Classical Azerbaijani) water

   Synonym: su

Declension

Declension of ab
	singular	plural
nominative	ab	ablar
definite accusative	abı	abları
dative	aba	ablara
locative	abda	ablarda
ablative	abdan	ablardan
definite genitive	abın	abların

Possessive forms of ab
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	abım	ablarım
sənin (“your”)	abın	abların
onun (“his/her/its”)	abı	abları
bizim (“our”)	abımız	ablarımız
sizin (“your”)	abınız	ablarınız
onların (“their”)	abı or abları	abları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	abımı	ablarımı
sənin (“your”)	abını	ablarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	abını	ablarını
bizim (“our”)	abımızı	ablarımızı
sizin (“your”)	abınızı	ablarınızı
onların (“their”)	abını or ablarını	ablarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	abıma	ablarıma
sənin (“your”)	abına	ablarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	abına	ablarına
bizim (“our”)	abımıza	ablarımıza
sizin (“your”)	abınıza	ablarınıza
onların (“their”)	abına or ablarına	ablarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	abımda	ablarımda
sənin (“your”)	abında	ablarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	abında	ablarında
bizim (“our”)	abımızda	ablarımızda
sizin (“your”)	abınızda	ablarınızda
onların (“their”)	abında or ablarında	ablarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	abımdan	ablarımdan
sənin (“your”)	abından	ablarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	abından	ablarından
bizim (“our”)	abımızdan	ablarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	abınızdan	ablarınızdan
onların (“their”)	abından or ablarından	ablarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	abımın	ablarımın
sənin (“your”)	abının	ablarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	abının	ablarının
bizim (“our”)	abımızın	ablarımızın
sizin (“your”)	abınızın	ablarınızın
onların (“their”)	abının or ablarının	ablarının

Related terms

• ab-hava (“climate”)
• abı (“sky-blue”)

Blagar

Noun

ab

1. fish

References

• A. Schapper (citing Steinhauer), Elevation in the spatial deictic systems of Alor-Pantar languages, in The Alor-Pantar languages: History and Typology, edited by Marian Klamer
• ASJP, citing L. C. Robinson and G. Holton, Internal classification of the Alor-Pantar language family using computational methods applied to the lexicon (2012)

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ap/
• (Before a voiced consonant or a vowel) IPA^(key): /ab/
• (Before a voiced consonant or a vowel in betacist dialects) IPA^(key): /aβ/

Preposition

ab

1. Obsolete form of amb.

Danish

Etymology 1

From Latin ab (“of, from”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ab/, [ɑb̥]

Preposition

ab

1. ex (out of, sold from)
2. from (with the origin in time)

Etymology 2

See abe (“to ape, mimic”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aːb/, [æːˀb̥]

Verb

ab

1. imperative of abe

Further reading

• “ab” in Den Danske Ordbog

East Central German

Particle

ab

1. (Strehlen and Schömberg, Silesian) negative particle, do not

East Yugur

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *ab-, compare Mongolian авах (avax).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /abqʰə/, [aβqʰə]

Verb

ab

1. to take

   Ci ghudal kelese bu cini arasini xuulj' abqu.

   If you tell a lie I will skin you [take your skin].

German

Pronunciation

• (Germany) IPA^(key): /ap/, /ɑp/
• (Switzerland, Austro-Bavarian) IPA^(key): /ɑb̥/
• Rhymes: -ap

Etymology 1

From Middle High German abe, ab, from Old High German ab, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab.

Preposition

ab (+ dative)

1. beginning at that time or location; from

   Ab heute verfügbar.

   Available from today.

Derived terms

• ab und zu

Descendants

• Norwegian Bokmål: ab

Etymology 2

From adverbial use of the preposition in verbs such as abschlagen, abgehen etc.

Adjective

ab (strong nominative masculine singular (nonstandard) abber, not comparable)

1. (colloquial, predicative) off; not attached to anything anymore

   Der Arm ist ab.

   The arm is (hewn) off.

2. (nonstandard, attributive) off; not attached to anything anymore

   Der abbe Arm ist verschwunden.

   The (hewn) off arm has disappeared.

Usage notes

• The predicative use is common in colloquial German throughout the country.
• The attributive forms are mostly used in Western and Northern Germany and are considerably less common than the predicative use. They used to be used mostly jocularly, but become gradually more frequent since they are much shorter than the appropriate full verb forms such as abgetrennt (“disconnected, severed”).
• The inflected attributive forms retain the devoiced consonant. Hence, sometimes they are spelled with p, rather than b: appes Bein.

Declension

Positive forms of ab (uncomparable)

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist ab	sie ist ab	es ist ab	sie sind ab
strong declension (without article)	nominative	abber1	abbe1	abbes1	abbe1
	genitive	abben1	abber1	abben1	abber1
	dative	abbem1	abber1	abbem1	abben1
	accusative	abben1	abbe1	abbes1	abbe1
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der abbe1	die abbe1	das abbe1	die abben1
	genitive	des abben1	der abben1	des abben1	der abben1
	dative	dem abben1	der abben1	dem abben1	den abben1
	accusative	den abben1	die abbe1	das abbe1	die abben1
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein abber1	eine abbe1	ein abbes1	(keine) abben1
	genitive	eines abben1	einer abben1	eines abben1	(keiner) abben1
	dative	einem abben1	einer abben1	einem abben1	(keinen) abben1
	accusative	einen abben1	eine abbe1	ein abbes1	(keine) abben1

¹Nonstandard.

Related terms

• abseits

Interlingua

Preposition

ab

1. from

Irish

Etymology 1

From Latin abbas (“father”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אַבָּא‎ (’abbā, “father”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /abˠ/

Noun

ab m (genitive singular aba, nominative plural abaí)

1. (Christianity) abbot

   Coordinate terms: ban-ab, máthairab

Declension

Declension of ab

Third declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative ab abaí Vocative a ab a abaí Genitive aba abaí Dative ab abaí

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an t-ab na habaí Genitive an aba na n-abaí Dative leis an ab don ab leis na habaí

Derived terms

• mac an aba m (“ring finger”)
• tánaiste an aba m (“the next in rank to the abbot”)
• tiarna aba m (“lord abbot”)

 

Etymology 2

Contraction of the relative particle a and the prevocalic variant of the past/conditional copula particle b’.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /əbˠ/

Particle

ab

1. Alternative form of ba (used in relative clauses before a vowel sound).

   Fear maith ab ea é.

   He was a good man.

   buachaill ab áirde ná mo dheartháir ― a boy (who was) taller than my brother

Related terms

Irish copular forms

Simple copular forms Present/future Affirmative Negative Interrogative Neg. inter. Main clauses is ní an nach Direct relative clauses nach Indirect relative clauses ar, arbv Other subordinate clauses gur, gurbv an nach Past/conditional Affirmative Negative Interrogative Neg. inter. Main clauses ba, b’v níor, níorbhv ar, arbhv nár, nárbhv Direct relative clauses ba, abv nár, nárbhv Indirect relative clauses ar, arbhv Other subordinate clauses gur, gurbhv ar, arbhv nár, nárbhv Present subjunctive Affirmative Negative gura, gurabv nára, nárabv		Compound copular forms Base word Present/future Past/conditional cá cár, cárbv cár, cárbhv cé cér, cérbv cér, cérbhv dá dá mba, dá mb’v de/do dar, darbv dar, darbhv faoi faoinar, faoinarbv faoinar, faoinarbhv i inar, inarbv inar, inarbhv le lenar, lenarbv lenar, lenarbhv má más má ba, má b’v mura mura, murabv murar, murarbhv ó (prep.) ónar, ónarbv ónar, ónarbhv ó (conj.) ós ó ba, ó b’v trí trínar, trínarbv trínar, trínarbhv
v Used before vowel sounds

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
ab	n-ab	hab	t-ab
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ab”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Entries containing “ab” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “ab” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

K'iche'

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aːɓ/

Noun

ab

1. hammock
2. steam
3. mist

References

• Allen J. Christenson, Kʼiche-English dictionary, page 7

Kein

Noun

ab

1. fire

Further reading

• Johannes A. Z'Graggen, The Madang-Adelbert Range Sub-Phylum (1975) (as ʌb)
• Bemal Organized Phonology Data (as ab)

Latin

Alternative forms

• ā (not used before a vowel or h)
• abs (archaic, exclusively used before the pronoun te)
• af (archaic)

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *ap, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) (whence English off, of and after). See also po-. Cognate with ᾰ̓πό (apó).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ab/, [äb]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ab/, [äb]

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

• Audio (Ecclesiastical)

  (file)

Preposition

ab (+ ablative)

1. (indicating ablation): from, away from, out of
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1:

     Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.

     The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae.

2. (indicating ablation): down from
3. (indicating agency): (source of action or event) by, by means of
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.4:

     Rex ab suis appellatur.

     The king is saluted by his men.

4. (indicating instrumentality): (source of action or event) by, by means of, with
   • 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Oration in favor of P. Sestius Pro P. Sestio Oratio.Ch. 42, sect. 92:

     Horum utro uti nolumus, altero est utendum. vim volumus exstingui, ius valeat necesse est, id est iudicia, quibus omne ius continetur; iudicia displicent aut nulla sunt, vis dominetur necesse est. hoc vident omnes: Milo et vidit et fecit, ut ius experiretur, vim depelleret. altero uti voluit, ut virtus audaciam vinceret; altero usus necessario est, ne virtus ab audacia vinceretur.

     ...so that virtue might not be overwhelmed by insolence.

5. (indicating association): to, with
   • Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer

     Homo sum, humani nihil ā me alienum puto.

     I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.

6. (indicating location): at, on, in
7. (time) after, since

Usage notes

Used in conjunction with passive verbs to mark the agent.

• Liber ā discipulō aperītur.

  The book is opened by the student.

Descendants

• French: à
• Italian: a
• Spanish: a
• Portuguese: a
• → Norwegian Bokmål: a, ab (learned)

References

• “ab”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ab in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a gentle ascent: collis leniter ab infimo acclivis (opp. leniter a summo declivis)
    
  • the east winds are blowing: venti ab ortu solis flant
    
  • the Rhone[TR2] is the frontier between the Helvetii and the Sequani: Rhodanus Sequanos ab Helvetiis dividit
    
  • to be far from town: longe, procul abesse ab urbe
    
  • to devote every spare moment to...; to work without intermission at a thing: nullum tempus intermittere, quin (also ab opere, or ad opus)
    
  • in the fifth year from the founding of the city: anno ab urbe condita quinto
    
  • to be always at a person's side: ab alicuius latere non discedere
    
  • to turn one's gaze away from an object: oculos deicere, removere ab aliqua re
    
  • to trace one's descent from some one: originem ab aliquo trahere, ducere
    
  • a native of England: ortus ab Anglis or oriundus ex Anglis
    
  • from one's entry into civil life: ab ineunte (prima) aetate (De Or. 1. 21. 97)
    
  • to begin with a thing: initium capere; incipere ab aliqua re
    
  • to start from small beginnings: ab exiguis initiis proficisci
    
  • the motive, cause, is to be found in..: causa repetenda est ab aliqua re (not quaerenda)
    
  • to originate in, arise from: ab aliqua re proficisci
    
  • to rescue from destruction: ab exitio, ab interitu aliquem vindicare
    
  • to gain a person's esteem, friendship: gratiam inire ab aliquoor apud aliquem
    
  • to look favourably upon; to support: propenso animo, studio esse or propensa voluntate esse in aliquem (opp. averso animo esse ab aliquo)
    
  • to gain one's point with any one: aliquid ab aliquo impetrare
    
  • to win golden opinions from every one: maximam ab omnibus laudem adipisci
    
  • to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bene, male audire (ab aliquo)
    
  • to use up, make full use of one's spare time: otio abūti or otium ad suum usum transferre
    
  • to draw away some one's attention from a thing: alicuius animum ab aliqua re abducere
    
  • to hold the same views: idem sentire (opp. dissentire ab aliquo)
    
  • to apply to a person for advice: consilium petere ab aliquo
    
  • to rescue from oblivion: aliquid ab oblivione vindicare
    
  • to be quite uncivilised: ab omni cultu et humanitate longe abesse (B. G. 1. 1. 3)
    
  • to be educated by some one: litteras discere ab aliquo
    
  • to receive instruction from some one: institui or erudiri ab aliquo
    
  • to derive an argument from a thing: argumentum ducere, sumere ex aliqua re or petere ab aliqua re
    
  • to disagree with a person: dissentire, dissidere ab or cum aliquo
    
  • to go back to the remote ages: repetere ab ultima (extrema, prisca) antiquitate (vetustate), ab heroicis temporibus
    
  • to have no taste for the fine arts: abhorrere ab artibus (opp. delectari artibus)
    
  • to go a long way back (in narrative): longe, alte (longius, altius) repetere (either absolute or ab aliqua re)
    
  • no sound passed his lips: nulla vox est ab eo audita
    
  • to extract an answer from some one: responsum ab aliquo ferre, auferre
    
  • to translate from Plato: ab or de (not ex) Platone vertere, convertere, transferre
    
  • to form, derive a word from... (used of the man who first creates the word): vocabulum, verbum, nomen ducere ab, ex...
    
  • the word amicitia comes from amare: nomen amicitiae (or simply amicitia) dicitur ab amando
    
  • to be separated by a deadly hatred: capitali odio dissidere ab aliquo (De Am. 1. 2)
    
  • to prevent some one from growing angry, appease his anger: animum alicuius ab iracundia revocare
    
  • to revenge oneself on some one: ulcisci aliquem, poenas expetere ab aliquo
    
  • to revenge oneself on another for a thing or on some one's behalf: poenas alicuius or alicuius rei repetere ab aliquo
    
  • to protect any one from wrong: ab iniuria aliquem defendere
    
  • to neglect one's duty: ab officio discedere
    
  • to neglect one's duty: de, ab officio decedere
    
  • to let oneself be perverted from one's duty: ab officio abduci, avocari
    
  • to have an inclination for a thing: propensum, proclivem esse ad aliquid (opp. alienum, aversum esse, abhorrere ab aliqua re)
    
  • the principles which I have followed since I came to man's estate: meae vitae rationes ab ineunte aetate susceptae (Imp. Pomp. 1. 1.)
    
  • to summon some one from the dead: aliquem ab inferis or a mortuis evocare, excitare (passive ab inferis exsistere)
    
  • to ask for an oracular response: oraculum petere (ab aliquo)
    
  • from beginning to end: ab ovo usque ad mala (proverb.)
    
  • the conversation began with..: sermo ortus est ab aliqua re
    
  • something has been left as a legacy by some one: hereditate aliquid relictum est ab aliquo
    
  • I have received a legacy from a person: hereditas ad me or mihi venit ab aliquo (Verr. 2. 1. 10)
    
  • to lend, borrow money at interest: pecuniam fenori (fenore) alicui dare, accipere ab aliquo
    
  • to borrow money from some one: pecuniam mutuari or sumere mutuam ab aliquo
    
  • to demand an account, an audit of a matter: rationem alicuius rei reposcere aliquem or ab aliquo
    
  • to demand an account, an audit of a matter: rationem ab aliquo reptere de aliqua re (Cluent. 37. 104)
    
  • to gain some one's favour: gratiam inire apud aliquem, ab aliquo (cf. sect. V. 12)
    
  • to be on a person's side (not ab alicuius partibus): ab (cum) aliquo stare (Brut. 79. 273)
    
  • to hold different views in politics: ab aliquo in re publica dissentire
    
  • to deliver some one from slavery: ab aliquo servitutem or servitutis iugum depellere
    
  • to exact a penalty from some one: poenam petere, repetere ab aliquo
    
  • to exact a penalty from some one: poenas expetere ab aliquo
    
  • to lay down arms: ab armis discedere (Phil. 11. 33)
    
  • to demand satisfaction, restitution: res repetere (ab aliquo) (Off. 1. 11. 36)
    
  • to gain a victory over the enemy: victoriam reportare ab hoste
    
  • putting aside, except: cum discessi, -eris, -eritis ab
    
• Latin Dictionary, Lewis and Short, 1879.
• Lingua Latina, Hans H. Ørberg, 2005.

Latvian

Conjunction

ab

1. (archaic) or

Synonyms

• vai

Preposition

ab

1. (archaic) around

Synonyms

• ap

Livonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑb/

Noun

a'b

1. (anatomy) shoulder
   • Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA

     pǟ um abūd vaisõ sizzõl viedtõd

     recoiled, flinched (lit. "head is drawn in shoulders")

2. help

Usage notes

LĒL also features a partitive plural form with -īdi as in the example abīdi nustõ "to shrug."

Declension

Declension of ab (72)

	singular (ikšlug)	plural (pǟgiņlug)
nominative (nominatīv)	ab	abūd
genitive (genitīv)	ab	abūd
partitive (partitīv)	abbõ	abḑi
dative (datīv)	abbõn	abūdõn
instrumental (instrumentāl)	abkõks	abūdõks
illative (illatīv)	abbõ	abži
inessive (inesīv)	absõ abs	abši
elative (elatīv)	abstõ abst	abšti

Middle Irish

Alternative forms

• aband, abann

Etymology

From Old Irish aub, from Proto-Celtic *abū.

Noun

ab f (genitive aba)

1. river

Descendants

• Irish: abha, abhainn
• Manx: awin
• Scottish Gaelic: abhainn

Mutation

Middle Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
ab	unchanged	n-ab
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑːb/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːb
• Hyphenation: ab

Etymology 1

From German ab (“from”), from Middle High German ab, from Old High German ab (“of”), from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away, away from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).

Preposition

ab

1. (economics) from; (i.e. delivered) for the seller's expense at a location and forwarded for the buyer's expense

   ab Frankfurt ― from Frankfurt

   ab varelager ― from inventory

   ab fabrikk ― from factory

2. (economics, obsolete) as of

   ab mai

   as of May

Derived terms

• abgeschmackt (“gross, tasteless”)
• abgeschmackthet (“grossness, tastelessness”)

Etymology 2

From Latin ab (“from, away from, on, in”), from Proto-Italic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).

Pronunciation

• (modern) IPA^(key): /ˈɑːbə/
• (older) IPA^(key): /ɑˈbeː/
• (modern)

  Audio

  (file)

• (older)

  Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːbə, -eː
• Hyphenation: a‧b

Preposition

ab

1. Only used in ab ovo (“ab ovo”)

Etymology 3

Abbreviation of avbetaling (“installment”), verbal noun form of avbetale (“to pay off”), a compound of av +‎ betale, first part av (“of, from, by, off”), from Old Norse af (“of, from, off, by”), from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) + second part betale (“pay, purchase”), from Middle Low German betalen (“of, from, off, by”), last part is the suffix -ing (“-ing”), from Old Norse -ingr m, -ingi m, -ing f, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.

Noun

ab

1. (colloquial) Abbreviation of avbetaling (“installment”).
   • 1974, Kari Bakke, Gråspurven, page 22:

     møbler og vaskemaskin på AB

     furniture and washing machine on installments

Derived terms

• ab-kjøp
• ab-kontrakt

 

Related terms

• avbetale (“pay in installments”)

References

• “ab_1” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
• “ab_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
• “ab_3” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
• “ab” in Store norske leksikon

Occitan

Alternative forms

• amb
• dab (Gascon)
• damb (Gascon, Aranese)
• ambé (Provençal)
• embé (Provençal, Niçard)

Etymology

From Latin ab.

Preposition

ab

1. (Guardiol) with

References

• Pei, Mario A. 1948. Ab and the survival of the Latin genitive in Old Italian. Italica 25. 104–106.

Old French

Etymology

Reduced form of Latin apud.

Preposition

ab

1. (10th century) with

Synonyms

• avoec (used throughout Old French into the Middle and modern French periods)

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ab.

Preposition

ab

1. of

Descendants

• German: ab
  • Norwegian Bokmål: ab

Old Occitan

Etymology

Reduced form of Latin apud

Preposition

ab

1. with
   • circa 1000, unknown, Lo Poèma de Boecis:

     Non comprarias ab mil liuras d’argent.

     [That] you couldn't buy with a thousand pounds of silver.

Descendants

• Occitan: amb

Parauk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ap/

Verb

ab

1. to give, hand over.

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

Compare German ab, Dutch af, English off.

Preposition

ab

1. off
2. from
3. away

Pumpokol

Noun

ab

1. father

Romani

Noun

ab m (plural ab)

1. river

Scots

Etymology

Uncertain. Compare English hobble, Dutch hobbelen (“to lurch”), Danish happe (“to stutter”), Norwegian jabba (“to stammer”) and colloquial Swedish happla (“to stutter”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ab/

Noun

ab (plural abs)

1. (Orkney) impediment, hindrance, objection.

Verb

ab (simple past abed)

1. (Orkney) to hinder

References

• “ab, n.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.

Scottish Gaelic

Noun

ab m (genitive singular aba, plural abachan)

1. Alternative form of aba

Sumerian

Romanization

ab

1. Romanization of 𒀊 (ab)

Turkish

Alternative forms

• âb

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish آب‎ (āb, “water”), from Persian آب‎ (âb).

Noun

ab (definite accusative abı, plural ablar)

1. (obsolete, poetic) water

References

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “ab”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from German aber (“but”).

Conjunction

ab

1. but

Welsh

Etymology

From fab, soft mutation of mab (“son”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ab/

Prefix

ab

1. A patronymic indicator; son of.

Usage notes

This form is found before vowels. Before a consonant, the form ap is used.

Antonyms

• ach
• ferch

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ab”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Wolof

Article

ab

1. a/an (singular indefinite article)

Usage notes

Precedes the noun.