Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/borna
Proto-Slavic
editEtymology
editESSJa treats it as as a single headword, Derksen as two (separating meanings "harrow" and "guarded entrance, barrier"), and Sławski as three ("harrow", "defended/defending object" and "membrane").
The meaning "harrow" is from Proto-Indo-European *bʰorh₃neh₂, o-grade derivation from *bʰerh₃- (“to hit with a sharp instrument”). Cognates include Latin forō (“to bore, pierce”), Old Norse bora (“to bore, drill”) and Ancient Greek φάρω (phárō), φάρος (pháros). From the same root also Common Slavic *bьrdo (“weaving comb, reed”), *boriti sę (“to fight”), and *borzda (“furrow”).
Sławski derives the set of meanings "protection, guard, defense; object of protecting, defending, gate, dam, barrier, fortification" as an action noun of the verb *borniti (“to guard, protect, defend”). Derksen legitimizes separate treatment due to the semantic difficulties of connecting Common Slavic *borti (“to fight, conquer”) as well as other Indo-European cognates (Latin feriō (“to hit, strike”), Old Norse berja (“to beat, hit”)) with the root *bʰerh₃- (“to hit with a sharp instrument”).
The third separate meaning "membrane" (on the basis of Czech bránice (“membrane, diaphragm”), Slovak branica (“membrane”) and Slovene brána, bránica (“membrane”) is with uncertainty reconstructed by Sławski, with various explanations of origin.
Note that Ukrainian distinguishes борона́ (boroná, “harrow”) from боро́на (boróna, “defense”).
Noun
edit- harrow
- guarded entrance, protection, barrier, defense
- (by extension) the object being defended/restrained or defending/restraining, especially fortified gate, dam, dike etc.
Declension
editsingular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *bōrnà | *bõrně | *bōrnỳ |
genitive | *bōrnỳ | *bōrnù | *bõrnъ |
dative | *bōrně̀ | *bōrnàma | *bōrnàmъ |
accusative | *bōrnǫ̀ | *bõrně | *bōrnỳ |
instrumental | *bōrnòjǫ, *bõrnǫ** | *bōrnàma | *bōrnàmī |
locative | *bōrně̀ | *bōrnù | *bōrnàsъ, *bōrnàxъ* |
vocative | *borno | *bõrně | *bōrnỳ |
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *bornà | *bȏrně | *bȏrny |
genitive | *borný | *bornù | *bõrnъ |
dative | *borně̀ | *bornàma | *bornàmъ |
accusative | *bȏrnǫ | *bȏrně | *bȏrny |
instrumental | *bornojǫ́ | *bornàma | *bornàmi |
locative | *bȏrně | *bornù | *bornàsъ, *bornàxъ* |
vocative | *borno | *bȏrně | *bȏrny |
Related terms
editDescendants
edit- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- → Hungarian: borona
Further reading
edit- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “борона”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*borna”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 204
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “*borna”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 324
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “брана”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 74
References
edit- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*borna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 56: “f. ā (b/c) ‘harrow’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “borna borny”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c harve (PR 135, 138)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “brána”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*borna̋”
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerH- (pierce)
- Proto-Slavic lemmas
- Proto-Slavic nouns
- Proto-Slavic feminine nouns
- sla-pro:Tools
- Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns
- Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b
- Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c