dam
TranslingualEdit
SymbolEdit
dam
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English dam, from Old English *damm, from Proto-West Germanic *damm, from Proto-Germanic *dammaz.
NounEdit
dam (plural dams)
- A structure placed across a flowing body of water to stop the flow or part of the flow, generally for purposes such as retaining or diverting some of the water or retarding the release of accumulated water to avoid abrupt flooding.
- A dam is often an essential source of water to farmers of hilly country.
- 1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad[1]:
- Nothing could be more business-like than the construction of the stout dams, and nothing more gently rural than the limpid lakes, with the grand old forest trees marshalled round their margins […]
- 2013 August 16, John Vidal, “Dams endanger ecology of Himalayas”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 10, page 8:
- Most of the Himalayan rivers have been relatively untouched by dams near their sources. Now the two great Asian powers, India and China, are rushing to harness them as they cut through some of the world's deepest valleys.
- The water reservoir resulting from placing such a structure.
- Boats may only be used at places set aside for boating on the dam.
- (dentistry) A device to prevent a tooth from getting wet during dental work, consisting of a rubber sheet held with a band.
- (South Africa, Australia) A reservoir.
- A firebrick wall, or a stone, which forms the front of the hearth of a blast furnace.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
|
VerbEdit
dam (third-person singular simple present dams, present participle damming, simple past and past participle dammed)
- (transitive) To block the flow of water.
- 1682, Thomas Otway, Venice Preserv’d, or, A Plot Discover’d. A Tragedy. […], London: Printed for Jos[eph] Hindmarsh […], →OCLC, Act I, scene i, pages 3–4:
- Home I would go, / But that my Dores are hatefull to my eyes. / Fill'd and damm'd up with gaping Creditors, / Watchful as Fowlers when their Game will spring; [...]
TranslationsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Variant of dame. Doublet of domina and donna.
NounEdit
dam (plural dams)
- Female parent, mother, generally regarding breeding of animals.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 52:
- More dear […] than younglings to their dam.
- 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
- The dam runs lowing up and down, / Looking the way her harmless young one went.
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
- Hunters assure us, that to chuse the best dog, and which they purpose to keepe from out a litter of other young whelps, there is no better meane than the damme herselfe […].
- 1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, Part 1:
- she / Resolved that Juan should be quite a paragon, / And worthy of the noblest pedigree / (His sire was from Castile, his dam from Aragon) […].
- 1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber 1992:
- The sky was cloudless—the moon rolled across the surface like a lamb searching for its dam.
- A kind of crowned piece in the game of draughts.
Coordinate termsEdit
- (male parent): sire
TranslationsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Said to be possibly coined from the English phrase "I don't give a dam(n)," referring to its small worth.[1]
NounEdit
dam (plural dams) (historical)
- (India) An obsolete Indian copper coin, equal to a fortieth of a rupee.
- 1839, William Holloway, A General Dictionary of Provincialisms, Written with a View to Rescue from Oblivion the Fast Fading Relics of By-gone Days, Lewes, East Sussex: Sussex Press: Printed and published by Baxter and Son, →OCLC, page 42:
- […] A small Indian coin; whence comes the saying "I don't care a dam for you," that is I don't value you a farthing, and not as generally given, "I don't care a damn" or a "curse for you." [Possibly a folk etymology.]
- A former coin of Nepal, 128 of which were worth one mohar.
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Gorrell, Robert, Watch Your Language: Mother Tongue and Her Wayward Children, University of Nevada Press, 1994
Etymology 4Edit
Clipping or Pronunciation spelling of damn.
InterjectionEdit
dam
AdjectiveEdit
dam (not comparable)
- (slang or pronunciation spelling) Damn.
- 2020, Jacie Rowe III, White Lies, Black Truth, The Lost Light (page 196)
- Do not get too caught up in individual campism. The Most-High sent your spirits back on earth to fix yourselves, come together and wake up our people, so do your dam job and stop letting your fleshly desires control you.
- 2020, Jacie Rowe III, White Lies, Black Truth, The Lost Light (page 196)
Further readingEdit
- dam on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- dam (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Dam in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
AnagramsEdit
AfrikaansEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Dutch dam, from Middle Dutch dam, from Old Dutch dam, from Proto-Germanic *dammaz.
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
NounEdit
dam (plural damme)
Derived termsEdit
AremEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Vietic *ɗam, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *p(ɗ)am; cognate with Vietnamese năm.
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
dam
Further readingEdit
- Michel Ferlus, 2014, Arem, a Vietic Language, Mon-Khmer Studies 43.1-15, page 5
AzerbaijaniEdit
green roof
EtymologyEdit
From Old Anatolian Turkish طام (d̥am, dam), from Proto-Turkic *tām.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
dam (definite accusative damı, plural damlar)
- roof
- hovel, shack
- dugout
- cowshed, sheep cote (a structure where animals are held)
- donuz damı ― pigsty
- (figurative) lockup, jail, quod
- dama basdırmaq ― to lock up, to put in jail
- (archaic) grid, net
- (archaic) trap, snare
DeclensionEdit
Declension of dam | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | dam |
damlar | ||||||
definite accusative | damı |
damları | ||||||
dative | dama |
damlara | ||||||
locative | damda |
damlarda | ||||||
ablative | damdan |
damlardan | ||||||
definite genitive | damın |
damların |
CebuanoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From English dam, from Middle English dam, damme, from Old English *dam, *damm, from Proto-Germanic *dammaz.
NounEdit
dam
Crimean TatarEdit
NounEdit
dam
DeclensionEdit
nominative | dam |
---|---|
genitive | damnıñ |
dative | damğa |
accusative | damnı |
locative | damda |
ablative | damdan |
SynonymsEdit
DanishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
dam c (singular definite dammen, plural indefinite damme)
InflectionEdit
Derived termsEdit
- dambrug n
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from French jeu de dames (“draughts”).
NounEdit
dam c or n
Etymology 3Edit
Borrowed from French dame (“lady”).
NounEdit
dam c (singular definite dammen, plural indefinite dammer)
- king (superior piece in draughts)
InflectionEdit
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Dutch dam, from Old Dutch dam, from Proto-West Germanic *damm, from Proto-Germanic *dammaz.
NounEdit
dam m (plural dammen, diminutive dammetje n)
Derived termsEdit
- general:
- toponyms:
- Alblasserdam
- Amsterdam
- Appingedam
- Bakkersdam
- Bilderdam
- Boerdam
- Brigdamme
- Busch en Dam
- Dam
- Damme
- Dubbeldam
- Durgerdam
- Edam
- Giessendam
- Heerjansdam
- Ilpendam
- Krabbendam
- Kwadendamme
- Leerdam
- Leidschendam
- Maasdam
- Mildam
- Monnickendam
- Moorddam
- Muntendam
- Nieuwendam
- Obdam
- Onderdendam
- Oostendam
- Oostknollendam
- Polsbroekerdam
- Rijsdam
- Risdam
- Rotterdam
- Schardam
- Schiedam
- Schoorldam
- Spaarndam
- Steendam
- Stellendam
- Uitdam
- Veendam
- Volendam
- Waardamme
- Werkendam
- Westknollendam
- Yersekedam
- Zaandam
- Zwammerdam
DescendantsEdit
- Afrikaans: dam
- → Caribbean Hindustani: dám
- → Indonesian: dam (“dam”)
- → Papiamentu: dam
- → Saramaccan: dan
- → Sranan Tongo: dan, dam
- → Caribbean Javanese: dham
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from Middle French dame, from Spanish dama.
NounEdit
dam f (plural dammen)
- (checkers) king (double draught/checker)
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- → Indonesian: dam (“draught/checker(s)”)
Etymology 3Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
VerbEdit
dam
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited[1] from Latin damnum.
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): (predominant) /dam/, (dated) /dɑ̃/, (archaic) /dan/
Audio (file) Audio (CAN) (file) - Homophones: dams (general), dame, dames (form 1), dans, dent, dents (form 2)
NounEdit
dam m (plural dams)
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “damnum”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 3: D–F, page 11
Further readingEdit
- “dam”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
AnagramsEdit
FriulianEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
dam m (plural dams)
SynonymsEdit
Related termsEdit
GaroEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Bengali দাম (dam).
NounEdit
dam
IndonesianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Dutch dam (“king (draught/checkers)”), from Middle French dame, from Old French dame, from Latin domina.
NounEdit
dam (first-person possessive damku, second-person possessive dammu, third-person possessive damnya)
- (games) draught (American), checkers (British).
- checker, a pattern of alternating colours as on a chessboard.
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Dutch dam (“dam”), from Middle Dutch dam, from Old Dutch dam, from Proto-Germanic *dammaz.
NounEdit
dam (first-person possessive damku, second-person possessive dammu, third-person possessive damnya)
- dam, a structure placed across a flowing body of water to stop the flow or part of the flow, generally for purposes such as retaining or diverting some of the water or retarding the release of accumulated water to avoid abrupt flooding.
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
From Arabic دَم (dam, “blood”), from Proto-Semitic *dam-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *dam-.
NounEdit
dam (first-person possessive damku, second-person possessive dammu, third-person possessive damnya)
Further readingEdit
- “dam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
IrishEdit
PronounEdit
dam (emphatic damsa)
- Alternative form of dom (“for/to me”)
KomoEdit
NounEdit
dam
LashiEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-(t/d)jam (“full, flat”).
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
dam
ReferencesEdit
- Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[2], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)
MalayEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
dam (Jawi spelling دم, plural dam-dam, informal 1st possessive damku, 2nd possessive dammu, 3rd possessive damnya)
Further readingEdit
- “dam” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
MalteseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Root |
---|
d-w-m |
3 terms |
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
dam (imperfect jdum)
Related termsEdit
Middle EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old English *damm, from Proto-West Germanic *damm.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
dam
- dam (structure to block water)
- body of water
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “dam, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
dam
- Alternative form of dame
Etymology 3Edit
NounEdit
dam
- (when preceding labials) Alternative form of dan
Middle IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
dam m (genitive daim)
- ox
- c. 1000, Anonymous; published in (1935), Rudolf Thurneysen, editor, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó, Dublin: Staionery Office, § 1, l. 12, page 2: “Dam ocus tinne in cach coiri. [[There was] an ox and a side of bacon in each cauldron.]”
DescendantsEdit
MutationEdit
Middle Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
dam | dam pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/, later /ɣ(ʲ)-/ |
ndam |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further readingEdit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 dam”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Norwegian BokmålEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Danish dam, from Old Norse dammr m, damm n. The meaning dam (structure) probably comes from Middle Low German [Term?].
NounEdit
dam m (definite singular dammen, indefinite plural dammer, definite plural dammene)
SynonymsEdit
- demning (structure)
Etymology 2Edit
From French jeu de dames.
NounEdit
dam m (definite singular dammen, indefinite plural dammer, definite plural dammene)
ReferencesEdit
- “dam” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Norwegian dammr m, from Old Norse damm n. The meaning dam (structure) probably comes from Middle Low German [Term?].
NounEdit
dam m (definite singular dammen, indefinite plural dammar, definite plural dammane)
SynonymsEdit
- demning (structure)
Etymology 2Edit
From French jeu de dames.
NounEdit
dam m (definite singular dammen, indefinite plural dammar, definite plural dammane)
ReferencesEdit
- “dam” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
OccitanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- ab (Gard)
- amb (Languedoc)
- ambé (Provençal)
- dab (Gascony)
- damb (Gascony)
- emb (Limousin)
- embé (Provençal)
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
dam
Old IrishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Celtic *damos, from Proto-Indo-European *dm̥h₂-ó- (“bull”) (compare Albanian dem (“bullock”), Ancient Greek δάμαλος (dámalos, “calf”)), from *demh₂- (“to tame”) (compare Old Irish daimid (“to allow, give in”), Latin domō, English tame).
NounEdit
dam m (genitive daim)
- ox
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10d6
- .i. do·fuáircc .i. ar is bés leosom in daim do thúarcuin ind arbe
- Which tramples, i.e. for it is custom among them to have the oxen trample on the corn.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10d6
- stag
- (by extension) hero, champion
DeclensionEdit
Masculine o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | dam | damL | daimL, doim |
Vocative | daim, doim | damL | daumuH, dumu, damu |
Accusative | damN | damL | daumuH, dumu, damu |
Genitive | daimL, doim | dam | damN |
Dative | daumL, dum, dam | damaib | damaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Derived termsEdit
- damán m (“calf”)
DescendantsEdit
NounEdit
dam f
Etymology 2Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
VerbEdit
dam
- inflection of daimid:
·dam
Etymology 3Edit
PronounEdit
dam
- Alternative form of dom (“to/for me”)
MutationEdit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
dam | dam pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ |
ndam |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further readingEdit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 dam”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 dam”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
dam
NounEdit
dam
RohingyaEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- 𐴊𐴝𐴔𐴢 (dam) – Hanifi Rohingya script
EtymologyEdit
From Magadhi Prakrit 𑀤𑀫𑁆𑀫 (damma), from Sanskrit দ্ৰম্ম (drámma), borrowed from Ancient Greek δραχμή (drakhmḗ). Cognate with Bengali দাম (dam).
NounEdit
dam (Hanifi spelling 𐴊𐴝𐴔𐴢)
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دام (dam), from Old Turkic [script needed] (tam), from Proto-Turkic *tām.
NounEdit
dam n (plural damuri)
DeclensionEdit
San Juan Guelavía ZapotecEdit
NounEdit
dam
ReferencesEdit
- López Antonio, Joaquín; Jones, Ted; Jones, Kris (2012) Vocabulario breve del Zapoteco de San Juan Guelavía[3] (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Tlalpan, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages 14, 23, 40
SumerianEdit
RomanizationEdit
dam
- Romanization of 𒁮 (dam)
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
dam c
- a lady, a woman
- (card games, chess, checkers) a queen
- ruter dam ― queen of diamonds
DeclensionEdit
Declension of dam | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | dam | damen | damer | damerna |
Genitive | dams | damens | damers | damernas |
SynonymsEdit
- (in chess): drottning
Derived termsEdit
- damallsvenskan
- damavdelning
- dambadhus
- dambandy
- dambastu
- dambekantskap
- dambesök
- dambinda
- dambjudning
- dambonde
- dambricka
- dambräde
- dambyxor
- damcykel
- damdubbel
- damfinal
- damfotboll
- damfrisering
- damfrisör
- damfrisörska
- damgambit
- damgolf
- damhandboll
- damhatt
- damidrott
- damig
- damighet
- damkappa
- damklass
- damkläder
- damknäppning
- damkonfektion
- damkör
- damlag
- damlandslag
- dammiddag
- damorkester
- damrum
- damsadel
- damsenior
- damsida
- damsingel
- damskidåkning
- damsko
- damspel
- damstafett
- damstrumpa
- damsällskap
- damtidning
- damtoalett
- damtävling
- damunderkläder
- damväska
- hovdam
See alsoEdit
Chess pieces in Swedish · schackpjäser (schack + pjäser) (layout · text) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
kung | dam, drottning | torn | löpare | springare, häst | bonde |
Playing cards in Swedish · kort (layout · text) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ess, äss | tvåa, två | trea, tre | fyra | femma, fem | sexa, sex | sjua, sju |
åtta | nia, nio | tia, tio | knekt | dam, drottning | kung | joker |
ReferencesEdit
TurkishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Ottoman Turkish طام (dam), from Old Turkic [script needed] (tam), from Proto-Turkic *tām.
Compare Uyghur تام (tam, “wall”), Korean 담 (dam, “wall”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
UzbekEdit
NounEdit
dam (plural damlar)
VietnameseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Vietic *k-taːm; ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam (“crab”). ‹d› here is the result of lenition (Proto-Vietic *k-t- > Middle Vietnamese ‹d› /ð/ > Modern Vietnamese ‹d›). Compare đam, the form with unlenited initial consonant.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
(classifier con) dam
Zoogocho ZapotecEdit
NounEdit
dam
ReferencesEdit
- Long C., Rebecca; Cruz M., Sofronio (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)[4] (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 215