Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/capati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *capъ +‎ *-ati.

Verb

*capati impf

1. (transitive) to catch, nab something quickly
2. (intransitive) to wade, walk on water, mud with noise

Inflection

Conjugation of *capati, *capa, *capľetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*capanьje	*capati	*capatъ	*capalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*capanъ	*capľemъ
Active	*capavъ	*capľę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*capaxъ	*capa	*capa	*capľǫ	*capľeši	*capľetь
Dual	*capaxově	*capasta	*capaste	*capľevě	*capľeta	*capľete
Plural	*capaxomъ	*capaste	*capašę	*capľemъ	*capľete	*capľǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*capaaxъ	*capaaše	*capaaše	—	*capľi	*capľi
Dual	*capaaxově	*capaašeta	*capaašete	*capľivě	*capľita	—
Plural	*capaaxomъ	*capaašete	*capaaxǫ	*capľimъ	*capľite	—

Later generalized among some daughter branches as:

Conjugation of *capati, *capa, *capajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*capanьje	*capati	*capatъ	*capalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*capanъ	*capajemъ
Active	*capavъ	*capaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*capaxъ	*capa	*capa	*capajǫ	*capaješi	*capajetь
Dual	*capaxově	*capasta	*capaste	*capajevě	*capajeta	*capajete
Plural	*capaxomъ	*capaste	*capašę	*capajemъ	*capajete	*capajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*capaaxъ	*capaaše	*capaaše	—	*capaji	*capaji
Dual	*capaaxově	*capaašeta	*capaašete	*capajivě	*capajita	—
Plural	*capaaxomъ	*capaašete	*capaaxǫ	*capajimъ	*capajite	—

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: цапати (capati)
    • Belarusian: ца́паць (cápacʹ)
    • Russian: ца́пать (cápatʹ)
    • Ukrainian: ца́пати (cápaty)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: ца́пам (cápam)
  • Macedonian: цапа (capa)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: цапати, ца̏пати (dialectal)

    Latin script: capati, cȁpati (dialectal)

  • Slovene: capáti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: capati, cápati
    • Czech: capat, cápat
  • Polish: capać (obsolete)
  • Slovak: cápať
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: capaś
    • Upper Sorbian: capać

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*capati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 171
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ца́пать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress