User:Dghmonwiskos//a/

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱad-

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*

1. to fall

Derived terms

• *ḱad- (root present)
  • Italic: *kadō
    • Latin: cadō
• *ḱe-ḱod- (stative)
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: शशद (śaśada)
  • Italic: *kekadai
    • Latin: cecidī
• Unsorted formations:
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: ցած (cʻac) (possibly)
  • Celtic:
    • Old Irish: casar
    • Breton: kazerc'h
    • Cornish: keser
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: शद् (śad)

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂yaǵ-

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*

1. to worship
2. sacred, holy

Derived terms

• *h₂yáǵeti (root present)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyáĵati (see there for further descendants)
• *h₂yáǵyetor (ye-present)
  • Ancient Greek: ἅζομαι (házomai)
• *h₂yáǵyos
  • Ancient Greek: ἅγιος (hágios)
• *h₂yaǵnós
  • Ancient Greek: ἁγνός (hagnós)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyaĵnás (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyaĵatás
    • Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀 (yazata)
    • Sanskrit: यजत (yajata)
  • Proto-Italic: *jagjūnos
    • Latin: iēiūnus (“fasting, abstinent”)

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mad-

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*

1. to be wet, to become wet

Derived terms

• (perhaps) *mad-é-ti (thematic zero-grade root present)
  • Indo-Iranian: *madáti
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: मदति (madati), मदते (madate, “to be intoxicated; rejoice”)
    • Iranian: *mad-
      • Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈 (madaⁱte, “to become intoxicated”)
• *mad-yé-ti (yé-present)
  • (perhaps) Celtic: *madyeti (“break”) (the proposed semantic shift is be wet > burst > break)
    • Brythonic: *mėðjɨd
      • Middle Breton: mezaff (“knead”)
        • Breton: mezañ
      • Middle Welsh: maeddu (“break, win”)
    • Old Irish: maidid, -maid
  • Germanic: *matjaną (see there for further descendants)
  • (perhaps) Indo-Iranian:
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: माद्यति (mā́dyati)
• *me-mód-e ~ *me-mad-ḗr (stative)
  • Celtic:
    • Old Irish: ro·mmemaid
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: ममाद (mamā́da)
• *mad-éh₁-(ye)-ti (eh₁-stative)
  • Italic: *madēō
    • Latin: madeō
• *mod-éye-ti (causative)
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: मादयति (mādáyati)
    • Iranian:
      • Young Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬤𐬵𐬀 (madaiiaŋᵛha, 2sg.caus.pres.impv)
• *mad-tó-s
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: मत्त (mattá, “drunk”)
    • Iranian:
      • Kurdish:
      • Parthian: 𐫖𐫘𐫤 (mst /⁠mast⁠/, “drunk”)
      • Persian: مست (mast, “drunk”)
      • Sangisari: [script needed] (mast, “drunk”)
      • Sivandi: [script needed] (mass, “drunk”)
      • Sogdian: [script needed] (mstʾwny, “drunkenness”), [script needed] (mst-kʾrʾk, “intoxicating”), 𐫖𐫘𐫎𐫐𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫏 (msṯkʾryy, “intoxicating”)
• *mad-h₂-ró-s
  • Hellenic: *madarós
    • Ancient Greek: μᾰδᾰρός (madarós, “wet”)
  • Indo-Iranian:
    • Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: मदिर (madirá, “intoxicating”)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Armenian:
    • (perhaps) Old Armenian: մատաղ (matał, “young, tender”)
    • (perhaps) Middle Armenian: մաճար (mačar, “must”)
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Slavic: *mada
      • South Slavic:
        • Slovene: mada (“spot; blot”)
      • West Slavic:
        • Polish: mada (“sludge; mud; dirt”)
        • Slovincian: mada (“dirt; mud”)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: μᾰδάω (madáō)

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/man-

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

*

1. man, human being

Descendants

• Balto-Slavic:
  • Slavic: *mǫžь (< *man-g-yo-s) (see there for further descendants)
• Germanic: *mann- (see there for further descendants)
• Indo-Aryan:
  • Sanskrit: मनुष्य (manuṣya) (see there for further descendants), मनु (manu)
    • Assamese: মানুহ (mānuh)
    • Garhwali: मन्खि (mankhi)
    • Gujarati: માણસ (māṇas)
    • Hindi: मानस (mānas), मनुष्य (manuṣya), मानव (mānav)
    • Marathi: माणूस (māṇūsa)
    • Nepali: मानिस (mānis)
    • Punjabi: ਮਨੁੱਖ (manukhkh)
    • Sindhi: माण्हू (māṇhū)
    • Sylheti: ꠝꠣꠘꠥ (manu)
  • Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬱 (manuš)

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sáls

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

[[Category:Pages using bad params when calling Template:ine-noun|]]*

1. salt

Declension

Inflection of *
	singular	dual	Plural
Nominative	sáls	—	—
Vocative	sál	—	—
Accusative	sálm̥	—	—
Instrumental	sléh₁	—	—
Dative	sléy	—	—
Ablative	slós	—	—
Genitive	slós	—	—
Locative	sáli	—	—

Descendants

• Albanian: ngjelmët (“salty”)
• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: աղ (ał)
  • Old Armenian: աղտ (ałt) ?< *sā́ld-
• Balto-Slavic: *salHdus (from *sal-d-u-
  • Latgalian: sõļs, solds, soldons
  • Latvian: sāls, salds
  • Old Prussian: sal
  • Lithuanian: saldus, sálti (“sweeten”)
  • Slavic: *solь (see there for further descendants), *soldъkъ (“sweet”) (see there for further descendants)
• Celtic: *salo-, *sālo- (“saltwater”)
  • Brythonic: *salo-
    • Breton: hal
    • Welsh: hâl
  • Goidelic: *sālo-
    • Old Irish: sál
      • Irish: sáile
      • Scottish Gaelic: sàl
• Celtic: *salano-, *saleno-
  • Brythonic:
    • Middle Breton: holen, halen
    • Cornish: haloin
    • Welsh: halen
  • Goidelic:
    • Old Irish: salann
      • Irish: salann
      • Manx: sollan
      • Scottish Gaelic: salann
• Germanic: *saltą (see there for further descendants)
• Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: ἅλς (háls)
    • Greek: αλάτι (aláti)
• Indo-Iranian:
  • Indo-Aryan:
    • Sanskrit: सलिल (salila)
• Italic:
  • Latin: sāl (see there for further descendants)
  • Umbrian: salu
• Tocharian:
  • Tocharian A: sāle
  • Tocharian B: salyiye
• → Uralic {{qual|independent loans from early Indo-European at least in Finno-Permic and Ob-Ugric;
  • Ugric:
    • Mansi:
    • Khanty:
      • Eastern:
      • Northern:
  • Permic:
    • Komi: *sôl
      • Komi-Permyak: сов (sov)
      • Komi-Zyrian: сол (sol)
    • Udmurt: сылал (sylal)
  • Mari:
    • Eastern Mari:
  • Mordvinic:
    • Erzya: сал (sal)
    • Moksha: сал (sal)
  • Finnic: