abajgat
Hungarian
editEtymology
editFrom an unattested stem + -gat (frequentative-causative suffix). The stem is of unknown origin and is the same as in abajog (“to shout, yell; to yammer”). First attested in 1662.[1]
Pronunciation
editVerb
editabajgat
- (transitive) to bother, harass, pester (someone or an animal)
- Synonyms: gyötör, háborgat, nyugtalanít, zaklat, zavar
- 1987, Ferenc Temesi, Por, volume 2: L–Zs, Budapest: Magvető, →ISBN, page 85:
- Balogh Juliska ezentúl a lábát sem tette a „Föllépő”-be. Az igazsághoz hozzátartozik, hogy nagyapám is mind kevesebbet: belehabarodott a Kass-kávéház női zenekarának bőgősébe, azt abajgatta.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (transitive) to poke, finger, squeeze, tamper with (an object)
- 1975 [1949], Pál Szabó, Isten malmai, Budapest: Magvető, Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, →ISBN, page 320:
- A kisbíró jön ki a községházától, megpergeti a dobot, zörgeti, abajgatja, cifrázza, s a háta hátragörbül. Dobolja a holnapi falugyűlést. Hogy kilenc órakor mindenki legyen a községházánál! S megyen tovább.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (transitive) to pamper, caress, nurse (a child or animal)
- 2003, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter és a Főnix Rendje (Harry Potter; 5), Budapest: Animus Kiadó, translation of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, →ISBN, page 155:
- – Vigyázzatok! – figyelmeztette őket Harry. / – Mért? – vont vállat Fred. – Amíg anya Prefi Ronit abajgatja, nincs mitől félnünk.
- [original: “Be careful,” Harry warned them quietly. / “What?” said Fred. “Mum’s busy cooing over Prefect Ron, we’re okay.”]
Conjugation
editconjugation of abajgat
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | abajgatok | abajgatsz | abajgat | abajgatunk | abajgattok | abajgatnak | |
Def. | abajgatom | abajgatod | abajgatja | abajgatjuk | abajgatjátok | abajgatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | abajgatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | abajgattam | abajgattál | abajgatott | abajgattunk | abajgattatok | abajgattak | ||
Def. | abajgattam | abajgattad | abajgatta | abajgattuk | abajgattátok | abajgatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | abajgattalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. abajgatni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | abajgaték | abajgatál | abajgata | abajgatánk | abajgatátok | abajgatának | ||
Def. | abajgatám | abajgatád | abajgatá | abajgatánk | abajgatátok | abajgaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | abajgatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. abajgat vala, abajgatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | abajgatandok | abajgatandasz | abajgatand | abajgatandunk | abajgatandotok | abajgatandanak | ||
Def. | abajgatandom | abajgatandod | abajgatandja | abajgatandjuk | abajgatandjátok | abajgatandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | abajgatandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | abajgatnék | abajgatnál | abajgatna | abajgatnánk | abajgatnátok | abajgatnának | |
Def. | abajgatnám | abajgatnád | abajgatná | abajgatnánk (or abajgatnók) |
abajgatnátok | abajgatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | abajgatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. abajgatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | abajgassak | abajgass or abajgassál |
abajgasson | abajgassunk | abajgassatok | abajgassanak | |
Def. | abajgassam | abajgasd or abajgassad |
abajgassa | abajgassuk | abajgassátok | abajgassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | abajgassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. abajgatott légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | abajgatni | abajgatnom | abajgatnod | abajgatnia | abajgatnunk | abajgatnotok | abajgatniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
abajgatás | abajgató | abajgatott | abajgatandó | abajgatva (abajgatván) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of abajgat
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | abajgathatok | abajgathatsz | abajgathat | abajgathatunk | abajgathattok | abajgathatnak | |
Def. | abajgathatom | abajgathatod | abajgathatja | abajgathatjuk | abajgathatjátok | abajgathatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | abajgathatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | abajgathattam | abajgathattál | abajgathatott | abajgathattunk | abajgathattatok | abajgathattak | ||
Def. | abajgathattam | abajgathattad | abajgathatta | abajgathattuk | abajgathattátok | abajgathatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | abajgathattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | abajgathaték | abajgathatál | abajgathata | abajgathatánk | abajgathatátok | abajgathatának | ||
Def. | abajgathatám | abajgathatád | abajgathatá | abajgathatánk | abajgathatátok | abajgathaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | abajgathatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. abajgathat vala, abajgathatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | abajgathatandok or abajgatandhatok |
abajgathatandasz or abajgatandhatsz |
abajgathatand or abajgatandhat |
abajgathatandunk or abajgatandhatunk |
abajgathatandotok or abajgatandhattok |
abajgathatandanak or abajgatandhatnak | ||
Def. | abajgathatandom or abajgatandhatom |
abajgathatandod or abajgatandhatod |
abajgathatandja or abajgatandhatja |
abajgathatandjuk or abajgatandhatjuk |
abajgathatandjátok or abajgatandhatjátok |
abajgathatandják or abajgatandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | abajgathatandalak or abajgatandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | abajgathatnék | abajgathatnál | abajgathatna | abajgathatnánk | abajgathatnátok | abajgathatnának | |
Def. | abajgathatnám | abajgathatnád | abajgathatná | abajgathatnánk (or abajgathatnók) |
abajgathatnátok | abajgathatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | abajgathatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. abajgathatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | abajgathassak | abajgathass or abajgathassál |
abajgathasson | abajgathassunk | abajgathassatok | abajgathassanak | |
Def. | abajgathassam | abajgathasd or abajgathassad |
abajgathassa | abajgathassuk | abajgathassátok | abajgathassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | abajgathassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. abajgathatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (abajgathatni) | (abajgathatnom) | (abajgathatnod) | (abajgathatnia) | (abajgathatnunk) | (abajgathatnotok) | (abajgathatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | abajgatható | Neg. adj. | abajgathatatlan | Adv. part. | (abajgathatva / abajgathatván) | ||||
Derived terms
edit(With verbal prefixes):
References
edit- ^ abajgat in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
Further reading
edit- abajgat in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- abajgat in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)