denegrir

Galician

Alternative forms

• denegrer

Etymology

Attested since 1671. From Latin dēnigrāre (“to blacken”). Compare English denigrate.

Verb

denegrir (third-person only, third-person singular present denigre, third-person singular preterite denegriu, past participle denegrido)
denegrir (first-person singular present denigro, third-person singular present denigre, first-person singular preterite denegrim or denegri, past participle denegrido, reintegrationist norm)

1. (takes a reflexive pronoun) to blacken; to turn black or livid

   Denegriúselle a perna polo choque. ― His leg turned livid because of the clash.

   • 1671, Gabriel Feijoo de Araujo, Contenda dos labradores de Caldelas:

     Juro por tantos, è cantos / que à an de uer denegrada, / anque a justicia me lebe / os bois da corte, yas bacas. / eu pido vsos, e custumes / calen barbas, falen cartas

     I swear by each and every one that they shall see it livid, even though Justice takes away my oxen from the stables and the cows. I ask for customs and habits, actions speak louder than words.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of denegrir (third-person only; e becomes i when stressed)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	denegrir
Personal	—	—	denegrir	—	—	denegriren
Gerund
	denegrindo
Past participle
Masculine	denegrido			denegridos
Feminine	denegrida			denegridas
Indicative
Present	—	—	denigre	—	—	denigren
Imperfect	—	—	denegría	—	—	denegrían
Preterite	—	—	denegriu	—	—	denegriron
Pluperfect	—	—	denegrira	—	—	denegriran
Future	—	—	denegrirá	—	—	denegrirán
Conditional	—	—	denegriría	—	—	denegrirían
Subjunctive
Present	—	—	denigra	—	—	denigran
Imperfect	—	—	denegrise	—	—	denegrisen
Future	—	—	denegrir	—	—	denegriren
Imperative
Affirmative		—	—	—	—	—
Negative (non)		—	—	—	—	—

    Reintegrated conjugation of denegrir (e becomes i when stressed) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	denegrir
Personal	denegrir	denegrires	denegrir	denegrirmos	denegrirdes	denegrirem
Gerund
	denegrindo
Past participle
Masculine	denegrido			denegridos
Feminine	denegrida			denegridas
Indicative
Present	denigro	denigres	denigre	denegrimos	denegrides, denegris	denigrem
Imperfect	denegria	denegrias	denegria	denegríamos	denegríades, denegríeis, denegríais1	denegriam
Preterite	denegrim, denegri	denegriste, denegriche1	denegriu	denegrimos	denegristes	denegrírom, denegriram
Pluperfect	denegrira	denegriras	denegrira	denegríramos	denegrírades, denegríreis, denegrírais1	denegriram
Future	denegrirei	denegrirás	denegrirá	denegriremos	denegriredes, denegrireis	denegrirám, denegrirão
Conditional	denegriria	denegririas	denegriria	denegriríamos	denegriríades, denegriríeis, denegriríais1	denegririam
Subjunctive
Present	denigra	denigras	denigra	denigramos	denigrades, denigrais	denigram
Imperfect	denegrisse	denegrisses	denegrisse	denegríssemos	denegríssedes, denegrísseis	denegrissem
Future	denegrir	denegrires	denegrir	denegrirmos	denegrirdes	denegrirem
Imperative
Affirmative		denigre	denigra	denigramos	denegride, denegri	denigram
Negative (nom)		nom denigras	nom denigra	nom denigramos	nom denigrades, nom denigrais	nom denigram

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• denegrido

References

• Ernesto González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “denegreçer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “denegr”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• “denegrir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “denegrir” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “denegrir” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• denigrir

Etymology

From Latin dēnigrāre (“to blacken”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /de.neˈɡɾi(ʁ)/ [de.neˈɡɾi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /de.neˈɡɾi(ʁ)/ [de.neˈɡɾi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /de.neˈɡɾi(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /de.neˈɡɾi(ʁ)/ [de.neˈɡɾi(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /de.neˈɡɾi(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /dɨ.nɨˈɡɾiɾ/ [dɨ.nɨˈɣɾiɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /dɨ.nɨˈɡɾiɾ/ [dɨ.nɨˈɣɾiɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /dɨ.nɨˈɡɾi.ɾi/ [dɨ.nɨˈɣɾi.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: de‧ne‧grir

Verb

denegrir (first-person singular present denigro, third-person singular present denigre, first-person singular preterite denegri, past participle denegrido)

1. (transitive) denigrate (to criticise so as to besmirch; to treat as worthless)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of denegrir (e becomes i when stressed) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	denegrir
Personal	denegrir	denegrires	denegrir	denegrirmos	denegrirdes	denegrirem
Gerund
	denegrindo
Past participle
Masculine	denegrido			denegridos
Feminine	denegrida			denegridas
Indicative
Present	denigro	denigres	denigre	denegrimos	denegris	denigrem
Imperfect	denegria	denegrias	denegria	denegríamos	denegríeis	denegriam
Preterite	denegri	denegriste	denegriu	denegrimos	denegristes	denegriram
Pluperfect	denegrira	denegriras	denegrira	denegríramos	denegríreis	denegriram
Future	denegrirei	denegrirás	denegrirá	denegriremos	denegrireis	denegrirão
Conditional	denegriria	denegririas	denegriria	denegriríamos	denegriríeis	denegririam
Subjunctive
Present	denigra	denigras	denigra	denigramos	denigrais	denigram
Imperfect	denegrisse	denegrisses	denegrisse	denegríssemos	denegrísseis	denegrissem
Future	denegrir	denegrires	denegrir	denegrirmos	denegrirdes	denegrirem
Imperative
Affirmative		denigre	denigra	denigramos	denegri	denigram
Negative (não)		não denigras	não denigra	não denigramos	não denigrais	não denigram

Usage notes

In Brazil, this term is often considered racist because it associates the color black with a negative connotation. People are generally advised to avoid using it.