nós

See also: Appendix:Variations of "nos"

Asturian

Alternative forms

• ñós

Etymology

From Latin nōs.

Pronoun

nós

1. we

Synonyms

• nosotros

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈnos/

Pronoun

nós

1. (archaic) we

   Synonym: nosaltres

2. we (majestic)

Usage notes

The spelling nós was deprecated in the 2016 spelling reform. The old spelling can still be used for metalinguistic transcriptions, or when the intended meaning is not clear from the context. See Appendix:Catalan orthography.

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi3	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
1st person majestic1	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal1	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person very formal2	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’4	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal2	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural. 2) Behaves grammatically as third person.			3) Only as object of a preposition. 4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Galician

Etymology

From Old Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɔs/

Pronoun

nós (accusative nos, dative nos)

1. we, us

   Synonyms: nosoutros, nosoutras

Indo-Portuguese

Etymology

From Portuguese nós (“we”), from Old Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”).

Pronoun

nós

1. we (first-person plural personal pronoun)
   • 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:

     Trasê tamêm um vaquinh bem gord e matá par nós comê e par nós regalá:

     Bring also a small and very fat cow and kill (it) for us to eat and for us to feast on:

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /n̪ˠoːsˠ/
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /n̪ˠuːsˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /n̪ˠõːsˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish nós (“custom, tradition, precedent”), from a Brythonic language (compare Welsh naws (“nature, disposition”)).

Noun

nós m (genitive singular nóis, nominative plural nósanna)

1. custom
2. manner, style

Declension

Declension of nós

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative nós nósanna Vocative a nóis a nósanna Genitive nóis nósanna Dative nós nósanna

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an nós na nósanna Genitive an nóis na nósanna Dative leis an nós don nós leis na nósanna

Derived terms

• ar aon nós
• ar nós
• ardnós
• ardnósach
• bun-nós
• dea-nós
• nósmhar
• nósúil
• sean-nós

 

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “nós”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 nós (‘custom’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Etymology 2

From Old Irish nós m (“fame, renown, reputation”).

Noun

nós m (genitive singular nóis)

1. (literary) fame, renown

Declension

Declension of nós

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun) Case Singular Nominative nós Vocative a nóis Genitive nóis Dative nós

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Nominative an nós Genitive an nóis Dative leis an nós don nós

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “nós”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 nós (‘fame, renown’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Mirandese

Pronoun

nós

1. we (the first-person plural pronoun)

Portuguese

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.

Alternative forms

• nos (obsolete)
• nòs (obsolete)
• nóis (eye dialect, Brazilian)

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔ(j)s/ [ˈnɔ(ɪ̯)s]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔ(j)s/ [ˈnɔ(ɪ̯)s]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔ(j)ʃ/ [ˈnɔ(ɪ̯)ʃ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔʃ/

• Homophone: noz
• Hyphenation: nós

• Audio (Brazil - São Paulo)

  (file)

Pronoun

nós m pl or f pl by sense

1. first-person plural nominative personal pronoun: we

   Nós estamos aqui.

   We are here.

   Synonyms: (more informal) a gente, (obsolete) nós outros

2. first-person plural prepositional pronoun: us

   Os pássaros voaram até nós.

   The birds flew towards us.

3. (Brazil, colloquial, proscribed) first-person plural objective personal pronoun; us

   Ele bateu em nós!

   He hit us!

Usage notes

When the clause features a verb in its first-person plural form, the nominative pronoun nós may be dropped.

The following contraction is usually mandatory in standard usage, but optional when mesmos (“ourselves”) is used for emphasis:

• com (“with”) + nós → connosco (Portugal), conosco (Brazil)

Brazilian speakers who use this pronoun colloquially (instead of a gente) may not make the contraction and use com nós instead. They might also use nós with third-person singular verbs. Such usages are highly proscribed but common.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:nós.

See also

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number	Person	Nominative (subject)		Accusative (direct object)		Dative (indirect object)	Prepositional		Prepositional with com		Non-declining
		m	f	m	f	m and f	m	f	m	f	m	f
Singular	First	eu		me			mim		comigo
	Second	tu		te			ti		contigo		você
											o senhor	a senhora
	Third	ele	ela	o (lo, no)	a (la, na)	lhe	ele	ela	com ele	com ela	o mesmo	a mesma
				se			si		consigo
Plural	First	nós		nos			nós		connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil)		a gente
	Second	vós		vos			vós		convosco, com vós		vocês
											os senhores	as senhoras
	Third	eles	elas	os (los, nos)	as (las, nas)	lhes	eles	elas	com eles	com elas	os mesmos	as mesmas
				se			si		consigo
Indefinite				se			si		consigo

Etymology 2

Inflected form of nó (“knot”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔs/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔs/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔʃ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔʃ/

• Homophone: noz
• Hyphenation: nós

Noun

nós m

1. plural of nó

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:nó.

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *nosъ, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s.

Noun

nós m

1. nose

Further reading

• “nós” in Soblex