doch
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Dutch doch, from Old Dutch thoh, from Proto-West Germanic *þauh, from Proto-Germanic *þauh.
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
doch
Synonyms edit
Descendants edit
German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German doch, from Old High German doh, from Proto-West Germanic *þauh, from Proto-Germanic *þauh. Cognate to Old English þēah (English though).
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /dɔx/ (standard)
- IPA(key): /dɔ/, /do/ (chiefly southern Germany and Austria by influence of Bavarian; also in northern Germany in some positions, e.g. before nicht)
Audio (file) Audio (file)
Particle edit
doch
- (in response to a negative question or statement) yes; surely; really; on the contrary
- Das darfst du nicht sagen. — Doch!
- You can’t say that. — Yes, I can!
- Du wirst nicht kommen? — Doch!
- You're not going to come? — Yes, I am!
Conjunction edit
doch
Adverb edit
doch
- after all; yet; however; nevertheless
- 1918, Elisabeth von Heyking, Die Orgelpfeifen, in: Zwei Erzählungen, Phillipp Reclam jun. Verlag, page 35:
- Auf dem Bahnhof dann, in dem sich senkenden Nebel, ein Gewühl von Pferden und grauen Gestalten, das zuerst unentwirrbar schien und sich dann doch rasch ordnete.
- On the station then, in the sinking fog, a crowd of horses and gray characters that initially looked inextricable, but then put itself in order swiftly after all.
- 1918, Elisabeth von Heyking, Die Orgelpfeifen, in: Zwei Erzählungen, Phillipp Reclam jun. Verlag, page 35:
- really; just
- indicates proposal Why don't you/we
- Komm doch mal mit.
- Why don't you just come [with us]?
Usage notes edit
- (really, just): As an emphatic particle, doch often stresses a contrast or a certainty. It is used more frequently in German than its nearest English equivalents and is often best translated into English by rephrasing the surrounding sentence.
Further reading edit
Kashubian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
doch
- (emphasizes that previous statement truthfulness is obvious to the speaker.) yet; though
- Synonym: kò
Further reading edit
- Jan Trepczyk (1994) “przecież”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1-2
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “przecież”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[1]
- “doch”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Plautdietsch edit
Adverb edit
doch