earl

See also: Earl

English

Etymology

From Middle English erl, erle, from Old English eorl, from Proto-West Germanic *erl, from Proto-Germanic *erlaz (compare Old Norse jarl, Old High German and Old Saxon erl), from Proto-Germanic *erōną, *arōną (compare Old Norse jara (“fight, battle”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (compare Latin orior (“to rise, get up”), Ancient Greek ὄρνυμι (órnumi, “to urge, incite”), Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌‎ (ər^ənaoⁱti, “to move”), Sanskrit ऋणोति (ṛṇóti, “to arise, reach, move, attack”)). Also displaced unrelated but similar ealdorman (“alderman”).

Pronunciation

• enPR: ûrl
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɜːl/

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɝl/
• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)l
• Homophone: URL

Noun

earl (plural earls)

1. (nobility) A British or Irish nobleman next in rank above a viscount and below a marquess; equivalent to a European count. A female using the style is termed a countess.
2. (entomology) Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Tanaecia. Other butterflies in this genus are called counts and viscounts.

Derived terms

• belted earl
• earldom
• earless
• Earls Colne
• Earl's Court
• earl marshal
• Earl Stonham

Translations

a British or Irish nobleman

• Afrikaans: graaf (af)
• Armenian: կոմս (hy) (koms)
• Bulgarian: граф m (graf)
• Catalan: comte (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 伯爵 (zh) (bójué)

• Cornish: yurl m
• Czech: hrabě (cs) m
• Danish: jarl c
• Dutch: graaf (nl) m
• Esperanto: grafo (eo)
• Faroese: jarl m
• Finnish: jaarli (fi)
• French: comte (fr) m
• German: Graf (de) m
• Greek: κόμης (el) m (kómis)
• Hungarian: gróf (hu)
• Icelandic: jarl (is) m
• Ido: komto (io)
• Irish: iarla (ga) m
• Italian: conte (it) m
• Japanese: 伯爵 (ja) (はくしゃく, hakushaku)
• Khmer: ព្រះ (km) (preah)
• Latin: comes m
• Macedonian: ерл m (erl), гроф m (grof)
• Manx: eearley m
• Marathi: अर्ल m (arla)
• Middle English: erl
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: jarl m, greve (no) m

  Nynorsk: jarl m, greve m

• Old English: eorl m
• Old Norse: jarl m
• Polish: earl (pl) m, hrabia (pl) m
• Portuguese: conde (pt) m
• Romanian: conte (ro) m
• Russian: граф (ru) m (graf), эрл (ru) m (erl) (in Anglo-Saxon England before Norman conquest)
• Scottish Gaelic: iarla m
• Slovak: gróf (sk)
• Spanish: conde (es) m
• Swedish: jarl (sv) c
• Thai: เอิร์ล
• Vietnamese: bá tước (vi)
• Welsh: iarll m

Anagrams

• Arel, Elar, Lare, Lear, Rael, Raël, Real, lare, lear, rale, real

Polish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English earl, from Middle English erle, erl, from Old English eorl, from Proto-Germanic *erlaz, from *erōną, *arōną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛrl/
• Rhymes: -ɛrl
• Syllabification: earl

Noun

earl m pers

1. earl (British or Irish nobleman)

Declension

Declension of earl

	singular	plural
nominative	earl	earlowie
genitive	earla	earlów
dative	earlowi	earlom
accusative	earla	earlów
instrumental	earlem	earlami
locative	earlu	earlach
vocative	earlu	earlowie

Further reading

• earl in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• earl in Polish dictionaries at PWN