empedernir
Portuguese
editEtymology
editFrom *empedrenir, from em- + pedra and an uncertain suffix.[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (Brazil) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.pe.deʁˈni(ʁ)/ [ẽ.pe.deɦˈni(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.pe.deʁˈni(ʁ)/ [ĩ.pe.deɦˈni(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.pe.deɾˈni(ɾ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.pe.deɾˈni(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.pe.deʁˈni(ʁ)/ [ẽ.pe.deʁˈni(χ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.pe.deʁˈni(ʁ)/ [ĩ.pe.deʁˈni(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.pe.deɻˈni(ɻ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.pe.deɻˈni(ɻ)/
Verb
editempedernir (first-person singular present (Portugal only; missing in Brazil) empedirno, third-person singular present empederne, first-person singular preterite empederni, past participle empedernido)
- (transitive) to make rock hard
Conjugation
edit- Brazil
Conjugation of empedernir (defective) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
- Portugal
Conjugation of empedernir (i-e alternation in present singular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
References
edit- ^ 1932, Antenor Nascentes, Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa.
Spanish
editPronunciation
editVerb
editempedernir (no stressed present indicative or subjunctive, first-person singular preterite empederní, past participle empedernido)
- to harden
Usage notes
edit- Used only with forms where the ending begins with -i.
Conjugation
edit Conjugation of empedernir (defective) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
Further reading
edit- “empedernir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Categories:
- Portuguese terms prefixed with en-
- Portuguese 4-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 5-syllable words
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese verbs
- Portuguese verbs ending in -ir
- Portuguese verbs with i-e alternation in present singular
- Portuguese transitive verbs
- Portuguese defective verbs
- Spanish 4-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/iɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/iɾ/4 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -ir
- Spanish defective verbs