exercer

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

exercer

1. to instruct, to command

   exercer des soldats ― train soldiers

   exercer des écoliers à la composition ― to instruct students in composition

2. to exercise
3. to practise, to do

   Ce médecin n’exerce plus.

   This doctor is no longer practising.

Conjugation

This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.

Conjugation of exercer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	exercer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	exerçant /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		exercé /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	exerce /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/	exerces /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/	exerce /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/	exerçons /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɔ̃/	exercez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/	exercent /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/
	imperfect	exerçais /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛ/	exerçais /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛ/	exerçait /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛ/	exercions /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sjɔ̃/	exerciez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sje/	exerçaient /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛ/
	past historic2	exerçai /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/	exerças /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa/	exerça /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa/	exerçâmes /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sam/	exerçâtes /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sat/	exercèrent /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛʁ/
	future	exercerai /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁe/	exerceras /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁa/	exercera /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁa/	exercerons /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/	exercerez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁe/	exerceront /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	exercerais /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/	exercerais /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/	exercerait /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/	exercerions /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/	exerceriez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁje/	exerceraient /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	exerce /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/	exerces /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/	exerce /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/	exercions /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sjɔ̃/	exerciez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sje/	exercent /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/
	imperfect2	exerçasse /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sas/	exerçasses /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sas/	exerçât /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa/	exerçassions /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa.sjɔ̃/	exerçassiez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa.sje/	exerçassent /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	exerce /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/	—	exerçons /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɔ̃/	exercez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:exercer.

Further reading

• “exercer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• exécrer

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /e.zeʁˈse(ʁ)/ [e.zehˈse(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /e.zeʁˈse(ʁ)/ [e.zehˈse(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /e.zeɾˈse(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /e.zeʁˈse(ʁ)/ [e.zeχˈse(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /e.zeɻˈse(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /i.zɨɾˈseɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /i.zɨɾˈseɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /i.zɨɾˈse.ɾi/

Verb

exercer (first-person singular present exerço, first-person singular preterite exerci, past participle exercido)

1. to instruct, to command
2. to exercise
3. to practise, to do

Conjugation

    Conjugation of exercer (c-ç alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	exercer
Personal	exercer	exerceres	exercer	exercermos	exercerdes	exercerem
Gerund
	exercendo
Past participle
Masculine	exercido			exercidos
Feminine	exercida			exercidas
Indicative
Present	exerço	exerces	exerce	exercemos	exerceis	exercem
Imperfect	exercia	exercias	exercia	exercíamos	exercíeis	exerciam
Preterite	exerci	exerceste	exerceu	exercemos	exercestes	exerceram
Pluperfect	exercera	exerceras	exercera	exercêramos	exercêreis	exerceram
Future	exercerei	exercerás	exercerá	exerceremos	exercereis	exercerão
Conditional	exerceria	exercerias	exerceria	exerceríamos	exerceríeis	exerceriam
Subjunctive
Present	exerça	exerças	exerça	exerçamos	exerçais	exerçam
Imperfect	exercesse	exercesses	exercesse	exercêssemos	exercêsseis	exercessem
Future	exercer	exerceres	exercer	exercermos	exercerdes	exercerem
Imperative
Affirmative		exerce	exerça	exerçamos	exercei	exerçam
Negative (não)		não exerças	não exerça	não exerçamos	não exerçais	não exerçam