fumer
English edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
fumer (plural fumers)
- One who makes or uses perfumes.
- That which fumes, something that produces or emits smoke or other vapor.
- 1977, Frankford arsenal, Robert Trifiletti, Gas Generators for Base Drag Reduction[1], page 1:
- The best fumer concepts evaluated to date employ pyrotechnic type mixes with additives (burning rate modifiers, gaseous output modifiers) and/or gas flow-restricting baseplates.
- 1990, United States Department of the Army, Military Explosives[2], page 3-3:
- Tracers and fumers are small, smoke producing charges that are placed in projectiles. […] A fumer produces smoke at the proper rate to fill the partial vacuum that movement through the air creates behind the projectile.
Anagrams edit
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
fumer (feminine fumera, masculine plural fumers, feminine plural fumeres)
Further reading edit
- “fumer” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French fumer, from Old French, from Latin fūmāre.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
fumer
- (transitive, intransitive) to smoke
- (intransitive) to emit smoke
- (intransitive) to steam
- 1963, Nicolas Bouvier, L'Usage du Monde, 2005 ed., Payot & Rivages, →ISBN, p. 164; translated 1992 by Robyn Marsack as The Way of the World, 2011 ed., Eland, →ISBN:
- J’en ressortais vers six heures, léger, lavé jusqu’à l’âme et fumant dans le froid comme un torchon mouillé.
- — I would re-emerge at about six o'clock, light and clean right through to the spirit, and steaming in the cold like a damp dishcloth.
- 1963, Nicolas Bouvier, L'Usage du Monde, 2005 ed., Payot & Rivages, →ISBN, p. 164; translated 1992 by Robyn Marsack as The Way of the World, 2011 ed., Eland, →ISBN:
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of fumer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | fumer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | fumant /fy.mɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | fumé /fy.me/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | fume /fym/ |
fumes /fym/ |
fume /fym/ |
fumons /fy.mɔ̃/ |
fumez /fy.me/ |
fument /fym/ |
imperfect | fumais /fy.mɛ/ |
fumais /fy.mɛ/ |
fumait /fy.mɛ/ |
fumions /fy.mjɔ̃/ |
fumiez /fy.mje/ |
fumaient /fy.mɛ/ | |
past historic2 | fumai /fy.me/ |
fumas /fy.ma/ |
fuma /fy.ma/ |
fumâmes /fy.mam/ |
fumâtes /fy.mat/ |
fumèrent /fy.mɛʁ/ | |
future | fumerai /fym.ʁe/ |
fumeras /fym.ʁa/ |
fumera /fym.ʁa/ |
fumerons /fym.ʁɔ̃/ |
fumerez /fym.ʁe/ |
fumeront /fym.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | fumerais /fym.ʁɛ/ |
fumerais /fym.ʁɛ/ |
fumerait /fym.ʁɛ/ |
fumerions /fy.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
fumeriez /fy.mə.ʁje/ |
fumeraient /fym.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | fume /fym/ |
fumes /fym/ |
fume /fym/ |
fumions /fy.mjɔ̃/ |
fumiez /fy.mje/ |
fument /fym/ |
imperfect2 | fumasse /fy.mas/ |
fumasses /fy.mas/ |
fumât /fy.ma/ |
fumassions /fy.ma.sjɔ̃/ |
fumassiez /fy.ma.sje/ |
fumassent /fy.mas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | fume /fym/ |
— | fumons /fy.mɔ̃/ |
fumez /fy.me/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
to smoke
Descendants edit
- → Turkish: füme (via past participle)
Further reading edit
- “fumer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Verb edit
fūmer
Middle French edit
Verb edit
fumer
- to smoke (cook using smoke)
Conjugation edit
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of fumer
infinitive | simple | fumer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | fumant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past participle | fumé | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | fume | fumes | fume | fumons | fumez | fument |
imperfect | fumois, fumoys | fumois, fumoys | fumoit, fumoyt | fumions, fumyons | fumiez, fumyez | fumoient, fumoyent | |
past historic | fuma | fumas | fuma | fumasmes | fumastes | fumerent | |
future | fumerai, fumeray | fumeras | fumera | fumerons | fumerez | fumeront | |
conditional | fumerois, fumeroys | fumerois, fumeroys | fumeroit, fumeroyt | fumerions, fumeryons | fumeriez, fumeryez | fumeroient, fumeroyent | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | fume | fumes | fume | fumons | fumez | fument |
imperfect | fumasse | fumasses | fumast | fumassions | fumassiez | fumassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | fume | — | fumons | fumez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |