gratificar

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin gratificārī. By surface analysis, grato +‎ -ificar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡɾa.t͡ʃi.fiˈka(ʁ)/ [ɡɾa.t͡ʃi.fiˈka(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡɾa.t͡ʃi.fiˈka(ʁ)/ [ɡɾa.t͡ʃi.fiˈka(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ɡɾa.t͡ʃi.fiˈka(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ɡɾa.t͡ʃi.fiˈka(ʁ)/ [ɡɾa.t͡ʃi.fiˈka(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡɾa.t͡ʃi.fiˈka(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡɾɐ.ti.fiˈkaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡɾɐ.ti.fiˈkaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡɾɐ.ti.fiˈka.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: gra‧fi‧fi‧car

Verb

gratificar (first-person singular present gratifico, first-person singular preterite gratifiquei, past participle gratificado)

1. to gratify
2. to reward

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gratificar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	gratificar
Personal	gratificar	gratificares	gratificar	gratificarmos	gratificardes	gratificarem
Gerund
	gratificando
Past participle
Masculine	gratificado			gratificados
Feminine	gratificada			gratificadas
Indicative
Present	gratifico	gratificas	gratifica	gratificamos	gratificais	gratificam
Imperfect	gratificava	gratificavas	gratificava	gratificávamos	gratificáveis	gratificavam
Preterite	gratifiquei	gratificaste	gratificou	gratificamos1, gratificámos2	gratificastes	gratificaram
Pluperfect	gratificara	gratificaras	gratificara	gratificáramos	gratificáreis	gratificaram
Future	gratificarei	gratificarás	gratificará	gratificaremos	gratificareis	gratificarão
Conditional	gratificaria	gratificarias	gratificaria	gratificaríamos	gratificaríeis	gratificariam
Subjunctive
Present	gratifique	gratifiques	gratifique	gratifiquemos	gratifiqueis	gratifiquem
Imperfect	gratificasse	gratificasses	gratificasse	gratificássemos	gratificásseis	gratificassem
Future	gratificar	gratificares	gratificar	gratificarmos	gratificardes	gratificarem
Imperative
Affirmative		gratifica	gratifique	gratifiquemos	gratificai	gratifiquem
Negative (não)		não gratifiques	não gratifique	não gratifiquemos	não gratifiqueis	não gratifiquem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɾatifiˈkaɾ/ [ɡɾa.t̪i.fiˈkaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: gra‧ti‧fi‧car

Verb

gratificar (first-person singular present gratifico, first-person singular preterite gratifiqué, past participle gratificado)

1. to gratify
2. to reward

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gratificar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			gratificar
gerund			gratificando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		gratificado		gratificada
		plural		gratificados		gratificadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	gratifico	gratificastú gratificásvos	gratifica	gratificamos	gratificáis	gratifican
	imperfect	gratificaba	gratificabas	gratificaba	gratificábamos	gratificabais	gratificaban
	preterite	gratifiqué	gratificaste	gratificó	gratificamos	gratificasteis	gratificaron
	future	gratificaré	gratificarás	gratificará	gratificaremos	gratificaréis	gratificarán
	conditional	gratificaría	gratificarías	gratificaría	gratificaríamos	gratificaríais	gratificarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	gratifique	gratifiquestú gratifiquésvos2	gratifique	gratifiquemos	gratifiquéis	gratifiquen
	imperfect (ra)	gratificara	gratificaras	gratificara	gratificáramos	gratificarais	gratificaran
	imperfect (se)	gratificase	gratificases	gratificase	gratificásemos	gratificaseis	gratificasen
	future1	gratificare	gratificares	gratificare	gratificáremos	gratificareis	gratificaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		gratificatú gratificávos	gratifique	gratifiquemos	gratificad	gratifiquen
	negative		no gratifiques	no gratifique	no gratifiquemos	no gratifiquéis	no gratifiquen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of gratificar (c-qu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive gratificar
	dative	gratificarme	gratificarte	gratificarle, gratificarse	gratificarnos	gratificaros	gratificarles, gratificarse
	accusative	gratificarme	gratificarte	gratificarlo, gratificarla, gratificarse	gratificarnos	gratificaros	gratificarlos, gratificarlas, gratificarse
with gerund gratificando
	dative	gratificándome	gratificándote	gratificándole, gratificándose	gratificándonos	gratificándoos	gratificándoles, gratificándose
	accusative	gratificándome	gratificándote	gratificándolo, gratificándola, gratificándose	gratificándonos	gratificándoos	gratificándolos, gratificándolas, gratificándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative gratifica
	dative	gratifícame	gratifícate	gratifícale	gratifícanos	not used	gratifícales
	accusative	gratifícame	gratifícate	gratifícalo, gratifícala	gratifícanos	not used	gratifícalos, gratifícalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative gratificá
	dative	gratificame	gratificate	gratificale	gratificanos	not used	gratificales
	accusative	gratificame	gratificate	gratificalo, gratificala	gratificanos	not used	gratificalos, gratificalas
with formal second-person singular imperative gratifique
	dative	gratifíqueme	not used	gratifíquele, gratifíquese	gratifíquenos	not used	gratifíqueles
	accusative	gratifíqueme	not used	gratifíquelo, gratifíquela, gratifíquese	gratifíquenos	not used	gratifíquelos, gratifíquelas
with first-person plural imperative gratifiquemos
	dative	not used	gratifiquémoste	gratifiquémosle	gratifiquémonos	gratifiquémoos	gratifiquémosles
	accusative	not used	gratifiquémoste	gratifiquémoslo, gratifiquémosla	gratifiquémonos	gratifiquémoos	gratifiquémoslos, gratifiquémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative gratificad
	dative	gratificadme	not used	gratificadle	gratificadnos	gratificaos	gratificadles
	accusative	gratificadme	not used	gratificadlo, gratificadla	gratificadnos	gratificaos	gratificadlos, gratificadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative gratifiquen
	dative	gratifíquenme	not used	gratifíquenle	gratifíquennos	not used	gratifíquenles, gratifíquense
	accusative	gratifíquenme	not used	gratifíquenlo, gratifíquenla	gratifíquennos	not used	gratifíquenlos, gratifíquenlas, gratifíquense

Related terms

• gratificación

 

Further reading

• “gratificar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014