hartal
English edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed, via Hindi हड़ताल (haṛtāl), from Gujarati હડતાળ (haḍtāḷ), હડતાલ (haḍtāl), literally “locking of shops”.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hartal (plural hartals)
- (South Asia, Malaysia) the closure of shops and offices, typically as a strike. [early 20th C.]
- 1974, Judith M. Brown, Gandhi's Rise to Power: Indian Politics 1915-1922, page 305:
- There were slight disturbances in Karachi and Bombay city, a hartal in Bombay city similar to the last one but probably helped by the news of Tilak's death, […]
- 2004, Salahuddin Ahmed, Bangladesh: Past and Present, page 34:
- One of the special characteristics of Bangladesh politics is hartal politics, a legacy of tactics of political agitation, which was used, in pre-partition India […]
- 2005, Acyuta Yājñika, Suchitra Sheth, The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond:
- The eight-month-long hadtal and the accompanying hijrat or exodus reflect the collective strength of the Mahajan and their capacity to mobilize and organize.
Alternative forms edit
Descendants edit
See also edit
Indonesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Malay hartal, from Classical Malay هرتل (hartal), from Sanskrit हरिताल (haritāla, “yellow orpiment”) likely through Hindi.
Noun edit
hartal (plural hartal-hartal, first-person possessive hartalku, second-person possessive hartalmu, third-person possessive hartalnya)
Etymology 2 edit
From Malay hartal, from Hindi हड़ताल (haṛtāl), from Gujarati હડતાલ (haḍtāl), હડતાળ (haḍtāḷ), from Sanskrit हट्ट (haṭṭa) + तालक (tālaka).
Noun edit
hartal (plural hartal-hartal, first-person possessive hartalku, second-person possessive hartalmu, third-person possessive hartalnya)
Further reading edit
- “hartal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Hindi हड़ताल (haṛtāl), from Gujarati હડતાલ (haḍtāl), હડતાળ (haḍtāḷ), from Sanskrit हट्ट (haṭṭa) + तालक (tālaka).
Noun edit
hartal (Jawi spelling هرتل, plural hartal-hartal, informal 1st possessive hartalku, 2nd possessive hartalmu, 3rd possessive hartalnya)
Etymology 2 edit
From Sanskrit हरिताल (haritāla, “yellow orpiment”) likely through Hindi.
Noun edit
hartal (plural hartal-hartal, informal 1st possessive hartalku, 2nd possessive hartalmu, 3rd possessive hartalnya)
- orpiment, a kind of yellow arsenic
- (in extension) A somewhat dark yellowish orange colour; ochre.
- hartal:
- a kind of fragrant face powder made from coconut oil and saffron yielding a similar colour for use in weddings
Alternative forms edit
References edit
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “hartal”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 399
Further reading edit
- “hartal” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.