Middle High German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    Inherited from Old High German īsarn, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈiːs̠ərn/

    Noun

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    īsern n

    1. iron

    Declension

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    Descendants

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    • Alemannic German: Iise
      Vorarlbergerisch: Iisa, Oasa
    • Bavarian: Eisn
      Cimbrian: aizarn
      Mòcheno: aisn
    • Central Franconian: Ieser, Iese, Eise
    • German: Eisen, Eiser
    • Vilamovian: ȧjza
    • Yiddish: אײַזן (ayzn)

    References

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    Old English

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈiː.sern/, [ˈiː.zerˠn]

    Noun

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    īsern n (nominative plural īsern)

    1. the metal iron
    2. an instrument or tool made from iron, especially an iron sword
      • 10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 5[1]:
        Iċ eom ānhaga īserne wund, bille ġebennod, beadoweorca sæd, eċġum wēriġ.
        I am a lone one wounded with iron, wounded by sword, sated of battle-works, weary by edges.
    3. an iron shackle or fetter

    Declension

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    Strong a-stem:

    singular plural
    nominative īsern īsern
    accusative īsern īsern
    genitive īsernes īserna
    dative īserne īsernum

    Adjective

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    īsern

    1. consisting or made of iron
      • late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
        ⁊ hæfdon ġeleornad mā cræfta hū hīe þā elpendas beswīcan mehton, mid þǣm þæt hīe nāmon trēowu, ⁊ slōgon on oþerne ende moniġe sċearpe īsene næġlas, ⁊ hīe mid flexe bewundon, ⁊ onbǣrndon hit, ⁊ beþyddan hit þonne on þone elpend hindan...
        And they had learned more tricks through which they could ensnare the elephants; they took stakes and drove into the other end many sharp iron nails, and wrapped them in flax, and set them on fire, and then thrust them into the elephant from behind...

    Declension

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    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    References

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    Old Frisian

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną.

    Noun

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    īsern n

    1. iron (metal)

    Declension

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    Declension of īsern (neuter a-stem)
    singular plural
    nominative īsern īsern
    genitive īsernes īserna
    dative īserne īsernum, īsernem
    accusative īsern īsern

    Descendants

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    References

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    • Hofmann, Dietrich, Tjerk Popkema, Anne with co-op. Gisela Hofmann (2008) Altfriesisches Handwörterbuch [Old Frisian Concise Dictionary]‎[4] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN
    • Köbler, Gerhard, Altfriesisches Wörterbuch (4th edition 2014)