der

See also: Der, dér, dêr, dër, děr, -der, and der-

EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Imitative.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /dɜː/
Audio (AU) (file)
Rhymes: -ɜː

InterjectionEdit

der

(Australia) Disdainful indication that something is obvious.
(Australia) Indication of stupidity.
- 1979, Gabrielle Carey and Kathy Lette, Puberty Blues, page 46:
  `Sprung!' cried Jeff Basin, the local dubbo. 'Oh, der,' moaned Boardie sarcastically.

SynonymsEdit

duh

Etymology 2Edit

Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.

Alternative formsEdit

dere

PronunciationEdit

(AAVE) IPA^(key): /dɛː(ɹ)/
Rhymes: -ɛː(ɹ)
Homophone: dare

AdverbEdit

der (not comparable)

Nonstandard spelling of there.

InterjectionEdit

der

Nonstandard spelling of there.

NounEdit

der (uncountable)

Nonstandard spelling of there.

PronounEdit

der

Nonstandard spelling of there.

Derived termsEdit

der's

AnagramsEdit

-red, DRE, EDR, ERD, RDE, RED, Red, erd, red

Alemannic GermanEdit

ArticleEdit

der

(definite) the
- 1856, Jacob Maehly, Rhigmurmel. Gedichte in Basler Mundart, p. 187f.:
  - 'S Emilie werd im elterlige Roth
    Sich widersetze, wenn [...]
  - In 's Emilies Stammbuech [...]
- 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, p. 67:
  Am Tag der Rast, am Tag der Rueh',
  Schout gern dem Kinderg'wimmel,
  De frohe Kinderspiele zue
  's Allvatterherz vum Himmel!
- 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, p. 98:
  Was host denn 's Teufels?
- 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, p. 121:
  Ho 's Johrs vum Kind nü Batze g'hett,
  Und lützel Garba g'schnitte.
- 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, p. 140:
  Der Ehstand ist [...]
- 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, p. 160:
  Sie nimmt vum Bett de-n-arme Wurm
  Und [...]

DeclensionEdit

Vorarlberg:

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	d'	des, 's	d'
Genitive	's	der	's
Dative	dem	der	dem	de
Accusative	de de-n- (before a vowel)	d'	des, 's	d'

Basel:

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die, d'	's	die, d'
Genitive			's
Dative	dem	der, de	dem	de
Accusative	de	die, d'	's	d'

CzechEdit

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): [ˈdɛr]
Rhymes: -ɛr

VerbEdit

der

second-person singular imperative of drát

DanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse þar, from Proto-Germanic *þar (“there”), cognate with English there, German da.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /ˈdɛːˀr/, [ˈd̥ɛˀɐ̯], [ˈd̥eˀɐ̯], (as a pronoun) IPA^(key): /dɛr/, [d̥ɑ]

AdverbEdit

der

there (in or at that place)

ReferencesEdit

“der,1” in Den Danske Ordbog

PronounEdit

der

(dummy pronoun) there (expletive word put in the subject field when the subject is postponed to the predicate field, typically with indefinite subjects or subjectless passive verbs)
der sad to katte på et bord
two cats were sitting on a table

der blev diskuteret vildt
people were debating vehemently
(relative) who, which, that (introduces relative clauses, only when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence)
alle kan være enige om, at det menneske, der kommer hjem fra sin dannelsesrejse, er et mere fuldbragt menneske end det, der tog af sted.
everybody can agree that the person that returns from an educational journey is a more complete person than the one that left

Synonyms: hvilken, som
added to interrogative pronouns functioning as the subject of interrogative dependent clauses or exclamative independent clauses
jeg ved godt, hvem der vinder den flaske
I know who is going to win that bottle

hvem der bare havde en hund!
if only I had a dog

ReferencesEdit

“der,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
“der,3” in Den Danske Ordbog

ParticleEdit

der

(deictic particle) that (put after a definite noun phrase)
hun købte bordet der for ingen penge
she bought that table for no money

DutchEdit

PronunciationEdit

(stressed) IPA^(key): /dɛr/
(unstressed) IPA^(key): /dər/
Hyphenation: der

Etymology 1Edit

Unstressed form of daar (“there”).

AdverbEdit

der

there

SynonymsEdit

daar, ginder, ginds

AntonymsEdit

hier, her

Etymology 2Edit

ArticleEdit

der

(dated) genitive singular feminine of de; of the.
geschiedenis der Nederlandsche taal ― history of the Dutch language
(dated) genitive plural of de; of the.
het koninkrijk der Nederlanden ― the kingdom of the Netherlands
(dated) dative singular feminine of de.

Usage notesEdit

The distinction of the dative case, which had long been frail and without any basis in actual speech, widely fell out of use over the course of the 19th century. The genitive case, chiefly of the plural, was still productively used in written style in the latter half of the 20th century, especially in order to avoid reduplication of van. However, it has since continuously lost ground and is now reserved to poetic and highly literary language (apart from fixed expressions and surnames).
The current pronunciation is a spelling pronunciation. Before the word became archaic, it was pronounced with a schwa, /dər/.

InflectionEdit

**Dutch definite article**
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	de	de	het	de
Genitive	des	der	des	der
Dative	den	der	den	den
Accusative	den	de	het	de

AnagramsEdit

red

FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

Clipping of dernier.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /dɛʁ/

NounEdit

der m or f (plural ders)

last
la der des ders (referring to the First World War) ― the war that ends all wars (literally, “the last of the lasts”)

Derived termsEdit

der des ders

GalicianEdit

VerbEdit

der

first-person singular future subjunctive of dar
third-person singular future subjunctive of dar

GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection. Compare also Old Dutch thie and Old English sē where the same process occurred.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /de(ː)r/, [deːɐ̯], [dɛɐ̯], [dɐ]
The most common pronunciation is [dɛɐ̯], which is possible in all contexts. The form [deːɐ̯] may be used when the word is stressed. The reduced form [dɐ] occurs chiefly after prepositions and conjunctions. In northern and central German vernaculars, the /d/ may in this case assimilate to a preceding coronal (thus in der may colloquially become [ˈɪnɐ]).
audio (file)
Rhymes: -eːɐ̯

ArticleEdit

der (definite)

the

DeclensionEdit

German definite articles
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die	das	die
Genitive	des	der	des	der
Dative	dem	der	dem	den
Accusative	den	die	das	die

Old Declension

German definite articles
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die	das (older also: daß)	die
Genitive	des (older also: deß)	der	des (older also: deß)	deren or derer, also der
Dative	dem	der	dem	denen, also den
Accusative	den	die	das (older also: daß)	die

This older declension is not used anymore.
For examples see Citations:der.

Derived termsEdit

ArticleEdit

der

inflection of der:
1. genitive/dative feminine singular
2. genitive plural

PronounEdit

der m (relative)

who; that; which
Ich kenne einen Mann, der das kann. ― I know a man who can do that.

Usage notesEdit

In a subordinate clause, indicates a person or thing referenced in the main clause. Used with masculine singular referents.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of der
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	der	die	das	die
genitive	dessen	deren younger also: derer	dessen	derer deren
dative	dem	der	dem	denen
accusative	den	die	das	die

By modern grammar works it is said that derer and deren can both be used without difference.
Modern grammar books mention the colloquial genitive plural form der.

Old Declension

Declension of der
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	der	die	das older also: daß	die
genitive	dessen older also: deß, des	deren older also: der, dero	dessen older also: deß, des	derer also: deren older also: dero
dative	dem older also: deme	der	dem older also: deme	denen
accusative	den	die	das older also: daß	die

PronounEdit

der f (relative)

dative feminine singular of der: (to) whom, which, that

PronounEdit

der (demonstrative)

(attributive, stressed) that
Der Mann war es! ― It was that man!
(indicative) him, he
Der hat es getan! ― It was him who did it!
(differential) the one, him
Der mit dem Mantel ― The one with the coat

DeclensionEdit

Declension of der
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	der	die	das	die
genitive	dessen	deren younger also: derer	dessen	derer deren
dative	dem	der	dem	denen
accusative	den	die	das	die

By modern grammar works it is said that derer is used cataphoric, while deren is used anaphoric.
Modern grammar books mention the colloquial genitive plural form der.

Old Declension

Declension of der
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	der	die	das older also: daß	die
genitive	dessen older also: deß, des	deren older also: der, dero	dessen older also: deß, des	derer also: deren older also: dero
dative	dem older also: deme	der	dem older also: deme	denen
accusative	den	die	das older also: daß	die

PronounEdit

der f (demonstrative)

dative feminine singular of der: (to) that, (to) her

HunsrikEdit

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /tɐ/

PronounEdit

der

unstressed dative of du.

InflectionEdit

Hunsrik personal pronouns

	nominative		accusative		dative
	Proclitic	Enclitic	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular	ich eich	-ich	mich meich		meer	mer m'r
2nd person singular (informal)	du dau/Dau	-du, -de -Dau, -De	dich deich/Deich		deer	der d'r/D'r
3rd person singular (m.)	er; där	-er	ihn	en	ihm	em
3rd person singular (f.)	sie; die	-se	sie / ihns	se	eer ehr	re
3rd person singular (n.)	es; das et, 't	's	es et	-et, -'t	ihm	em
1st person plural	meer	mer	uns uhs
2nd person plural	deer Ehr, Dehr	der	eich Auch
3rd person plural	sie; die	-se	sie	se	denne

LatinEdit

PronunciationEdit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /der/, [d̪ɛr]
(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /der/, [d̪ɛr]

VerbEdit

der

first-person singular present passive subjunctive of dō

LimburgishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

d'r (reduced form, the only form in most dialects)
- der- (Eupen, exists solely as a prefix)

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Dutch der, unstressed form of dāer, from Old Dutch thar, from Proto-West Germanic *þār, from Proto-Germanic *þar.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /dæʀ/
Hyphenation: der
Rhymes: -æʀ

AdverbEdit

der

there

SynonymsEdit

dao

LuxembourgishEdit

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /der/, [dɐ]

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle High German der.

In the masculine singular, der was originally nominative and den was accusative. This case distinction, which still exists in Standard German, was then lost in Luxembourgish. Why the form der was reassigned to usage with taboo words seems unexplained.

DeterminerEdit

der

unstressed form of där
(archaic outside idioms) Alternative form of den (masculine definite article) used with certain taboo words, especially Däiwel (“devil”) and Doud (“death”)

DeclensionEdit

Luxembourgish definite articles
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nom./acc.	deen (den)	déi (d')	dat (d')	déi (d')
dat.	deem (dem)	där (der)	deem (dem)	deen (den)
gen.		der

Etymology 2Edit

PronounEdit

der

unstressed form of dir

DeclensionEdit

Luxembourgish personal pronouns

		nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
		str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	reflexive
1st person singular		ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (informal)		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (formal)		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech
3rd person singular	m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
	f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
	n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
1st person plural		mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
2nd person plural		dir	der	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech
3rd person plural		si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

Etymology 3Edit

Fossiled genitive plural of the demonstrative pronoun (see deen). Cognate with German derer (only optionally and rarely so used), Dutch er (used as in Luxembourgish).

AdverbEdit

der

Used with numbers that refer back to a previously named noun; compare French en, Dutch er.
- (Can we date this quote?) “Zwou Bulle Mokka”, performed by Fausti:
  Zwou Bulle Mokka, zwou sou séiss wéi Zocker.
  Zwou Bulle Mokka, do fäls de bal vum Hocker.
  Zwou Bulle Mokka, zwou Bulle man dech frou,
  Well et sinn der zwou – esou.
  Two scoops of mocha, two as sweet as sugar.
  Two scoops of mocha, you almost fall off your stool.
  Two scoops of mocha, two scoops make you happy,
  Because they’re two – just like that.
  Or: Because it’s two of them – just like that.
Ech hunn zwee Kanner an hien huet der dräi.
I have two children and he has three.

Middle DutchEdit

ArticleEdit

der

inflection of die:
1. feminine genitive/dative singular
2. genitive plural

AdverbEdit

der

unstressed form of dāer

MòchenoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, from Proto-Germanic *þa, an alteration of *sa. Cognate with German der, English the.

ArticleEdit

der (feminine de, neuter s, plural de)

the, nominative singular masculine definite article

ReferencesEdit

“der” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Northern KurdishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer-. Compare English door, Persian ‎ (dar), Ossetian дуар (dwar), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨‎ (duuar^əm), Russian дверь (dverʹ).

AdverbEdit

der

out, outside, outdoors

NounEdit

der f

door

SynonymsEdit

derî

Norwegian BokmålEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse þar.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /dæːr/

AdverbEdit

der

there

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

“der” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian NynorskEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse þar. Akin to English there.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /dæːr/, /deːr/

AdverbEdit

der

there

Derived termsEdit

dermed

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle Norwegian *þiðr, whence also dere. Borrowed from Old East Norse iðʀ with added þ-, similar to þit from hafið it.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /deːɾ/

PronounEdit

der

(dialectal, South East Norway) objective case of de; alternative form of dykk (“you (plural)”)

ReferencesEdit

“der” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Pennsylvania GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

Compare German der.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /dɛɐ̯/

ArticleEdit

der m (definite)

the

DeclensionEdit

	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die	es	die
Accusative	der	die	es	die
Dative	dem	der	em	de

PronounEdit

der

to you

DeclensionEdit

Declension of der

	Nominative	Accusative	Dative
1st - Singular	ich	mich	mir mer (unstressed)
2nd - Singular	du de (unstressed)	dich	dir der (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Masculine	er	ihn en (unstressed)	ihm em (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Feminine	sie se (unstressed)	sie se (unstressed)	ihre re (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Neuter	es	es	ihm em (unstressed)
1st - Plural	mir mer (unstressed)	uns	uns
2nd - Plural	dihr der (unstressed)	eich	eich
3rd - Plural	sie	sie	ihne ne (unstressed)
2nd - Polite	Sie	Sie	Ihne Ne (unstressed)

PortugueseEdit

PronunciationEdit

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈdɛ(ʁ)/ [ˈdɛ(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈdɛ(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈdɛ(ʁ)/ [ˈdɛ(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈdɛ(ɻ)/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈdɛɾ/

VerbEdit

der

first/third-person singular future subjunctive of dar

SwedishEdit

AdverbEdit

der

Obsolete spelling of där

AnagramsEdit

red

TurkishEdit

VerbEdit

der

third-person singular indicative aorist of demek

West FrisianEdit

AdverbEdit

der

there (unspecific to distance)
Der binne trije Fryske talen
There are three Frisian languages.

WestrobothnianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse þær, from Proto-Germanic *þar. Akin to English there.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /deːr/
Rhymes: -éːr

AdverbEdit

der

right there
there, at the end of a journey

AntonymsEdit

hjär

Related termsEdit

dänna

Etymology 2Edit

Unstressed doublet of the previous word.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /dɛr(ː)/, /der(ː)/

PronounEdit

der

where
Han no int der ’n jär
He suffers no shortage where he is staying.

AdverbEdit

der

farther
derr överåm
farther up

PrepositionEdit

der

(with i) in (that place)
(with åm) in the vicinity of

WolofEdit

PronunciationEdit

Audio (file)

NounEdit

der (definite form der wi)

skin

der

EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

InterjectionEdit

SynonymsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

InterjectionEdit

NounEdit

PronounEdit

Derived termsEdit

AnagramsEdit

Alemannic GermanEdit

ArticleEdit

DeclensionEdit

CzechEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

DanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

ReferencesEdit

PronounEdit

ReferencesEdit

ParticleEdit

DutchEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

AdverbEdit

SynonymsEdit

AntonymsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

ArticleEdit

Usage notesEdit

InflectionEdit

AnagramsEdit

FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Derived termsEdit

GalicianEdit

VerbEdit

GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

ArticleEdit

DeclensionEdit

Derived termsEdit

ArticleEdit

PronounEdit

Usage notesEdit

DeclensionEdit

PronounEdit

PronounEdit

DeclensionEdit

PronounEdit

Further readingEdit

HunsrikEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

InflectionEdit

Further readingEdit

LatinEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

LimburgishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

SynonymsEdit

LuxembourgishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

DeterminerEdit