liege
English edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English liege, lege, lige, from Anglo-Norman lige, from Old French liege (“liege, free”), from Middle High German ledic, ledec (“free, empty, vacant”) (Modern German ledig (“unmarried”)) from Proto-Germanic *liþugaz (“flexible, free, unoccupied”).
Akin to Old Frisian leþeg, leþoch (“free”), Old English liþiġ (“flexible”), Old Norse liðugr (“free, unhindered”), Old Saxon lethig (“idle”), Low German leddig (“empty”), Middle Dutch ledich (“idle, unemployed”) (Dutch ledig (“empty”) and leeg (“empty”)), Middle English lethi (“unoccupied, at leisure”).
An alternate etymology traces the Old French word to Late Latin laeticus (“of or relating to a semifree colonist in Gaul”), from Latin laetus (“a semi-free colonist”), from Gothic *𐌻𐌴𐍄𐍃 (*lēts) (attested in derivatives such as 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌴𐍄𐍃 (fralēts)), from Proto-Germanic *lētaz (“freeman; bondsman, serf”), from *lētaną (“to let; free; release”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
liege (plural lieges)
- A free and independent person; specifically, a lord paramount; a sovereign.
- (in full liege lord) A king or lord.
- 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act 3, scene 2]:
- More health and happiness betide my liege / Than can my care-tuned tongue deliver him!
- 1826, [Walter Scott], Woodstock; Or, The Cavalier. […], volumes (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, →OCLC:
- Kings, my liege, may take a lesson from him
- The subject of a sovereign or lord; a liegeman.
Translations edit
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Adjective edit
liege (not comparable)
- Sovereign; independent; having authority or right to allegiance.
- a liege lord
- 1847, Alfred Tennyson, “(please specify the page number, or |part=Prologue, I to VII, or conclusion)”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:
- She look'd as grand as doomsday and as grave: / And he, he reverenced his liege lady there;
- Serving an independent sovereign or master; bound by a feudal tenure; obliged to be faithful and loyal to a superior, such as a vassal to his lord; faithful.
- a liege man; a liege subject
- (obsolete, law) Full; perfect; complete; pure.
- 1908, Daniel Scott (of Penrith), Stricklands of Sizergh Castle:
- it was a release by Katherine de Ros in her liege widowhood to Sir Thomas de Stirkeland
Translations edit
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Related terms edit
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
liege
German edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
liege
- inflection of liegen:
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Late Latin leuca, leuga.
Noun edit
liege
- Alternative form of lege (“league”)
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Anglo-Norman lige.
Noun edit
liege
- Alternative form of lege (“liege”)
Adjective edit
liege
- Alternative form of lege (adjective)
Pennsylvania German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German liegen, from Old High German liogan, from Proto-West Germanic *leugan. Compare German lügen, Dutch liegen, English lie.
Verb edit
liege
- to tell a lie