semangat

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay semangat, from Proto-Malayic *sumaŋət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumaŋed (“soul of a living being; soul of the rice plant”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sə.ma.ŋat/
• Rhymes: -ŋat
• Hyphenation: sê‧ma‧ngat

Noun

sêmangat (plural semangat-semangat, first-person possessive semangatku, second-person possessive semangatmu, third-person possessive semangatnya)

1. soul:
   1. the spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality, often believed to live on after the person's death.

      Synonym: roh

   2. the spirit or essence of anything.
   3. life, energy, vigor
2. spirit:
   1. the soul of a person or other creature.
   2. a supernatural being, often but not exclusively without physical form
   3. enthusiasm
   4. the manner or style of something.

      Ini bertentangan dengan semangat perjanjian. ― This goes against the spirit of the agreement.

   5. temper or disposition of mind; mental condition or disposition; intellectual or moral state.
3. consciousness, awareness: the state of being conscious or aware.
4. gusto, zest, enthusiasm
5. lust

   Synonym: nafsu

6. ardor
   1. great warmth of feeling; fervor; passion.
   2. spirit; enthusiasm; passion.
7. morale: the capacity of people to maintain belief in an institution or a goal, or even in oneself and others.
8. energy: the impetus behind all motion and all activity.

Derived terms

• bersemangat
• disemangati
• disemangatkan
• menyemangati
• menyemangatkan
• penyemangatan

 

• semangat bahari
• semangat baja
• semangat padi

 

Further reading

• “semangat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *sumaŋət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumaŋed (“soul of a living being; soul of the rice plant”). Cognate to Banjarese sumangat and Kendayan sumangat.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /səmaŋat/
• Rhymes: -ŋat, -at

Noun

semangat (Jawi spelling سماڠت, plural semangat-semangat, informal 1st possessive semangatku, 2nd possessive semangatmu, 3rd possessive semangatnya)

1. soul of a being (both inanimate and animate)

   Synonym: roh

   semangat padi ― soul of the rice paddy

2. desire to do something

   Synonym: kemahuan

   semangat bekerja ― passion in working

3. meaning or purpose of a particular agreement

   Synonyms: tujuan, niat

   semangat perjanjian Asean ― purpose of the Asean agreement

4. feeling

   Synonyms: jiwa, perasaan

   semangat kesukanan ― sporty feeling

Derived terms

Affixations

• bersemangat
• disemangati
• menyemangati
• semangati

 

Compounds

• semangat kesukanan
• semangat waja

 

Descendants

• > Indonesian: semangat (inherited)

Further reading

• “semangat” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*sumaŋed”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI