trống

See also: trong, trỏng, and trọng

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]
(Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥]

Etymology 1

Probably from Old Chinese 孔 (OC *kʰloːŋʔ) (SV: khổng).

Adjective

trống • (𥧪, 𥨨)

empty; vacant

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] kʰrɔːŋ³. Compare sống as in the compound sống mái.

The form sống was attested in numerous texts written in the Northern dialects well into the early 20th century, although just primarily in gà sống. The ‹s-›-‹tr-› correspondence indicates that the now dominant form trống originated from the North Central region (compare pairs such as sừng vs. trừng (“horn”), sâu vs. trâu (“caterpillar”), sành vs. trèng (“terracotta”)).

Alternative forms

(Northern Vietnam) sống

Adjective

trống • (𪟤, 𩀳)

(of a bird) male
Antonym: mái

gà trống ― a rooster
(of an animal with cá (“fish”) in its name, including cetaceans) male
Antonym: mái

cá heo trống/đực ― a male dolphin

Usage notes

Less common than đực when used for "fish", although it is not rare nor uncommon.

Derived terms

gà trống nuôi con

Etymology 3

Cognate with Chut [Mày] klống, klôống, Chut [Mã Liềng] klống (Trần Trọng Dương, 2014). Of Tai origin; compare Thai กลอง (glɔɔng), Lao ກອງ (kǭng), Zhuang gyong.

Attested in Quốc âm thi tập (國音詩集; 15th cent.) as 𫪹, composed of 古 (MC kuX) + 弄 (MC luwngH) (modern SV: cổ lộng). Attested in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651) as Northern Middle Vietnamese tlóũ.

Noun

(classifier cái, chiếc) trống • (𤿰, 𫪹, 𪔠, 弄, 𲎚)

drum