tuberculosis

English

Etymology

To international scientific vocabulary from New Latin, from Latin tuberculum (diminutive of tuber (“lump”)) +‎ -osis (“diseased condition”); named for the encapsulated colonies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the lungs in pulmonary tuberculosis, which can look like small tubers (tubercles) on gross pathology. The disease has existed throughout human experience and had other names for millennia before scientific medicine renamed it with a New Latin term in the mid-19th century (1840s); in English it was called consumption because of the wasting away that consumed health and seemed even to consume flesh in some cases (for example, causing fistulas and tissue breakdown).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /tjuːˌbɜː(r)kjʊˈləʊsɪs/
• Rhymes: -əʊsɪs

Noun

tuberculosis (countable and uncountable, plural tuberculoses)

1. (pathology) An infectious disease of humans and animals caused by a species of mycobacterium, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mainly infecting the lungs where it causes tubercles characterized by the expectoration of mucus and sputum, fever, weight loss, and chest pain, and transmitted through inhalation or ingestion of bacteria. [from 1839]
   • 2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 380:

     With smallpox gone, tuberculosis is today the deadliest infectious disease on the planet.

Synonyms

• phthisic
• consumption
• TB (abbreviation)

Derived terms

• antituberculosis
• epituberculosis
• MDR-TB
• miliary tuberculosis
• neurotuberculosis
• nontuberculosis
• paratuberculosis
• pseudotuberculosis
• pulmonary tuberculosis
• silicotuberculosis
• XDR-TB

 

Related terms

• DR-TB
• DS-TB
• MDR-TB
• Mtb
• XDR-TB

Translations

infectious disease

• Arabic: سُلّ‎ (ar) m (sull)

  Egyptian Arabic: سل‎ m (sill)

• Armenian: թոքախտ (tʿokʿaxt), տուբերկուլյոզ (hy) (tuberkulyoz), պալարախտ (hy) (palaraxt)
• Asturian: tuberculosis f
• Azerbaijani: vərəm
• Belarusian: сухо́ты f pl (suxóty)
• Bulgarian: туберкуло́за f (tuberkulóza)
• Catalan: tuberculosi f
• Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ (turin)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 結核 (zh), 结核 (zh) (jiéhé), 肺結核 (zh), 肺结核 (zh) (fèijiéhé)

• Cornish: pla gwynn m
• Czech: tuberkulóza (cs) f, souchotiny (cs) f pl, úbytě (cs) f pl
• Danish: tuberkulose c
• Dutch: tuberculose (nl), tering (nl), tbc (nl)
• Esperanto: tuberkulozo (eo)
• Faroese: tuberklar m pl, tuberklasjúka f, bróstsjúka f
• Finnish: tuberkuloosi (fi), keuhkotuberkuloosi
• French: tuberculose (fr) f
• Galician: tuberculose (gl) f
• German: Tuberkulose (de) f
• Greek: φυματίωση (el) f (fymatíosi)
• Gujarati: ક્ષયરોગ m (kṣayarog), ઘાસણી f (ghāsṇī), યક્ષ્મા m (yakṣmā), ક્ષય (gu) m (kṣaya)
• Hebrew: שחפת‎ (he) f (shakhéfet)
• Hindi: यक्ष्मा (hi) m (yakṣmā), क्षयी (hi) f (kṣayī), तपेदिक (hi) m (tapedik), तपेदिक़ m (tapediq), काली खाँसी f (kālī khā̃sī)
• Hungarian: tuberkulózis (hu)
• Icelandic: berklar (is) m pl
• Ilocano: daig
• Indonesian: tuberkulosis (id)
• Interlingua: tuberculose, tuberculosis
• Irish: créachta f, an eitinn f
• Italian: tubercolosi (it) f
• Japanese: 結核 (けっかく, kekkaku)
• Kalmyk: садв (sadv)
• Kannada: ಕ್ಷಯ (kn) (kṣaya)
• Kashubian: sëchòtë f pl, płëcnô żaba f (regional)
• Kazakh: туберкулёз (twberkwlyoz)
• Korean: 결핵 (ko) (gyeolhaek)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: دەردەباریکە‎ (derdebarîke), بِنێس‎ (binês), سیل‎ (ku) (sîl)

  Northern Kurdish: êşa zirav (ku) f, êşa zirav (ku), jana zirav (ku)

  Southern Kurdish: دەردەباریکە‎ (derdebarîke), باریکی‎ (ku) (barîkî), سڵ‎ (sill)

• Latin: phthisis f
• Lithuanian: tuberkuliozė f, džiova f
• Macedonian: туберкулоза f (tuberkuloza)
• Malay: batuk kering (ms), tuberkulosis
• Maori: mate kohi
• Navajo: jéíʼádįįh
• Nepali: क्षयरोग (ne) (kṣayarog)
• Newar: गंल्वय् (gãlway)
• Norman: conseunmtion f
• Occitan: tuberculòsi f
• Palauan: haibio
• Persian: سل‎ (fa) (sell)
• Plautdietsch: Schwindsucht f
• Polish: gruźlica (pl) f, tuberkuloza (pl) f, suchoty (pl) pl
• Portuguese: tuberculose (pt) f
• Romanian: tuberculoză (ro) f
• Russian: туберкулёз (ru) m (tuberkuljóz), чахо́тка (ru) f (čaxótka) (dated)
• Samogitian: džiuova f
• Sanskrit: क्षयरोग (sa) (kṣayaroga), यक्ष्मा (sa) (yakṣmā)
• Santali: ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱸᱥ (sahãs)
• Scottish Gaelic: a' chaitheamh f
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: туберкулоза f, грудобоља f, сушица f

  Roman: tuberkuloza (sh) f, grudobolja (sh) f, sušica (sh) f, jektika (sh) f

• Slovak: tuberkulóza (sk) f, suchoty (sk) f pl, ftíza f
• Slovene: jetika (sl) f, tuberkuloza (sl) f
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: tuberkuloza f

  Upper Sorbian: tuberkuloza f

• Spanish: tuberculosis (es) f
• Swedish: tuberkulos (sv)
• Tagalog: sigam, pagkatuyo, tuberkulosis
• Telugu: క్షయ (te) (kṣaya)
• Thai: วัณโรค (th) (wan-ná-rôok)
• Tocharian B: kṣai
• Turkish: tüberküloz (tr), verem (tr)
• Urdu: یکشما‎ (yakṣmā)
• Vietnamese: bệnh lao
• Volapük: ftisid (vo)
• Welsh: twbercwlosis m, diciâu m
• Yiddish: טובערקולאָז‎ m (tuberkuloz), סוכאָטע‎ f (sukhote)

See also

• Burkholderia gladioli

---

Asturian

Noun

tuberculosis f (uncountable)

1. (pathology) tuberculosis (infectious disease)

---

Interlingua

Noun

tuberculosis (uncountable)

1. Alternative form of tuberculose.

---

Latin

Adjective

tūberculōsīs

1. dative masculine plural of tūberculōsus
2. dative feminine plural of tūberculōsus
3. dative neuter plural of tūberculōsus
4. ablative masculine plural of tūberculōsus
5. ablative neuter plural of tūberculōsus
6. ablative feminine plural of tūberculōsus

---

Spanish

Etymology

From Scientific Latin tuberculosis, from tubercŭlum (“tiny tumor”) and +‎ -osis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tubeɾkuˈlosis/, [t̪u.β̞eɾ.ku.ˈlo.sis]
• Rhymes: -osis
• Hyphenation: tu‧ber‧cu‧lo‧sis

Noun

tuberculosis f (plural tuberculosis)

1. tuberculosis