tumultus

English

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin tumultus; doublet of tumult.

Noun

tumultus

1. (obsolete) A commotion.

Latin

Etymology

Akin to tumulus. Cognates include Sanskrit तुमुल (tumula).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /tuˈmul.tus/, [t̪ʊˈmʊɫ̪t̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /tuˈmul.tus/, [t̪uˈmul̪t̪us]

Noun

tumultus m (genitive tumultūs); fourth declension

1. An uproar; bustle, violent commotion, disturbance, tumult; turmoil, panic.
2. A storm, tempest, thunderclap.
3. A sudden outbreak of violence or an impending war; civil war; insurrection, riot, rebellion, sedition, tumult.
4. (of the mind or feelings) Disturbance, disquietude, agitation; excitement, anxiety; fear, panic.
5. (of speech) Confusion, muddle, disorder.

Declension

• Note that tumultī is an alternative form for the genitive singular tumultūs.

Fourth-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	tumultus	tumultūs
Genitive	tumultūs	tumultuum
Dative	tumultuī	tumultibus
Accusative	tumultum	tumultūs
Ablative	tumultū	tumultibus
Vocative	tumultus	tumultūs

Synonyms

• (agitation, disquietude): commōtiō, cōnsternātiō
• (disturbance, tumult): concursus, inquiētūdō, cōnsternātiō, hiems, mōtus, procella, tempestās, turba, perculsus, fragor
• (insurrection, rebellion): īnsurrectiō, mōtus, rebellātiō, rebelliō, sēditiō
• (storm, tempest): hiems, procella, tempestās

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “agitation, disquietude”): ōtium, pāx, quiēs
• (antonym(s) of “disturbance, tumult”): ōtium, pāx, quiēs
• (antonym(s) of “storm, tempest”): tranquillum

Derived terms

• tumultuārius
• tumultuātim
• tumultuor
• tumultuōsus

Related terms

• tumultuāriē
• tumultuātiō
• tumultuō
• tumultuōsē

Descendants

• → Catalan: tumult
• → English: tumult, tumultus
• → French: tumulte
• → German: Tumult
• → Italian: tumulto
• → Polish: tumult
• → Portuguese: tumulto
• → Spanish: tumulto

References

• “tumultus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “tumultus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• tumultus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to quell an outbreak: tumultum sedare (B. C. 3. 18. 3)
    
• “tumultus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin