侍
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Translingual edit
Stroke order | |||
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Han character edit
侍 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人土木戈 (OGDI), four-corner 24241, composition ⿰亻寺)
Derived characters edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 101, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 589
- Dae Jaweon: page 215, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 143, character 17
- Unihan data for U+4F8D
Chinese edit
trad. | 侍 | |
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simp. # | 侍 |
Glyph origin edit
Historical forms of the character 侍 | |||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
侍
Compounds edit
- 中常侍 (zhōngchángshì)
- 伏侍
- 侍中 (shìzhōng)
- 侍人
- 侍候 (shìhòu)
- 侍兒/侍儿 (shì'ér)
- 侍奉 (shìfèng)
- 侍女 (shìnǚ)
- 侍妾 (shìqiè)
- 侍子
- 侍巾櫛/侍巾栉
- 侍弄 (shìnòng)
- 侍役
- 侍從/侍从 (shìcóng)
- 侍御
- 侍應生/侍应生 (shìyìngshēng)
- 侍生
- 侍立 (shìlì)
- 侍者 (shìzhě)
- 侍衛/侍卫 (shìwèi)
- 侍講/侍讲
- 侍讀/侍读 (shìdú)
- 侍郎 (shìláng)
- 侍醫/侍医
- 俠侍/侠侍
- 內侍/内侍 (nèishì)
- 奉侍
- 女侍 (nǚshì)
- 姬侍
- 媵侍 (yìngshì)
- 常侍 (chángshì)
- 接侍
- 散騎常侍/散骑常侍
- 服侍
- 近侍 (jìnshì)
- 選侍/选侍
- 重侍下
- 閽侍/阍侍
- 陪侍 (péishì)
- 隨侍/随侍
- 鵠侍/鹄侍
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
- Go-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: し (shi)
- Kun: さぶらい (saburai, 侍)←さぶらひ (saburafi, さぶらひ, historical); さぶらう (saburau, 侍う)←さぶらふ (saburafu, 侍ふ, historical); さむらい (samurai, 侍, Jōyō)←さむらひ (samurafi, さむらひ, historical); さむらう (samurau, 侍う)←さむらふ (samurafu, 侍ふ, historical); はべる (haberu, 侍る)
- Nanori: つこ (tsuko); ひと (hito)
Compounds edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term |
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侍 |
さむらい Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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士 |
⟨sa morapi1⟩ → /saburapi/ → /saburafi/ → /samurawi/ → /samurai/
Sound shift from saburai (see below), itself the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of classical verb 侍ふ (saburafu, “to serve”, modern saburau), ultimately derived from さ (sa-, prefix of uncertain meaning) + 守らふ (morafu, “to keep watch”, modern morau).
The shift from saburaf- → samuraf- is due to the development of the 女性語 (josei-go, “women's language”) in Middle Japanese. A different development of this b is seen in 候 (sōrō, “service”, classical saurafu).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
侍 • (samurai) ←さむらひ (samurafi)?
- (historical) a warrior class in medieval and pre-modern Japan; samurai
- Synonym: 武士 (bushi)
- one who serves nearby:
- Short for 侍所 (samurai-dokoro): the Board of Retainers in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods.
- an above-average person
Derived terms edit
- 侍気質 (samurai katagi)
- 田舎侍 (inaka-zamurai)
- 犬侍 (inuzamurai)
- 忰侍 (kase-zamurai)
- 国侍 (kuni-zamurai)
- 若侍 (waka-zamurai)
Idioms edit
See also edit
- 武士道 (bushidō, “samurai code of conduct”)
- 浪人 (rōnin, “masterless samurai”)
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term |
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侍 |
さぶらい Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
⟨sa morapi1⟩ → /saburapi/ → /saburafi/ → /saburawi/ → /saburai/
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of classical verb 侍ふ (saburafu, “to serve”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
侍 • (saburai) ←さぶらひ (saburafi)?
- (archaic) one who serves nearby:
- Synonym of 下侍 (shimosaburai): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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. - Short for 侍所 (saburai-dokoro): a samurai guardhouse in the Heian period
References edit
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
Korean edit
Hanja edit
侍 (eum 시 (si))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.