Wiktionary

梁

See also: 粱 and 樑
梁 U+6881, 梁
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6881
← 梀
[U+6880] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 梂 →
[U+6882]
梁 U+F97A, 梁
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F97A
← 凉
[U+F979] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 糧 →
[U+F97B]

Translingual edit

Traditional 梁
Simplified 梁
Japanese 梁
Korean 梁

Han character edit

梁 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水金木 (ECD) or 水戈木 (EID), four-corner 33904, composition ⿱⿰氵刅ホ)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 528, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14825
  • Dae Jaweon: page 916, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1220, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+6881

Chinese edit

trad. 梁
simp. # 梁
alternative forms 鿄
𣸑
渿
𣹷
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 梁
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (刅) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
梁 *raŋ
粱 *raŋ
刱 *sʰraŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 刅 (OC *sʰraŋ) + semantic 木 (“wood”) — a bridge.

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Are the noun senses related to the proper noun senses?”)

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • niû/niô͘ - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • liông/liâng - literary.
Note:
  • nion5, niên5 - vernacular, incl. surname (niên5 - Chaozhou);
  • liang5 - literary.
Rime
Character 梁
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 呂章切
Baxter ljang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/liɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɨaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/liaŋ/
Wang
Li 		/lĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/li̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		liáng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		loeng4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 梁
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		liáng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ljang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*raŋ/
English beam; bridge

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 梁
Reading # 1/1
No. 1648
Phonetic
component 		刅
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		良
Old
Chinese 		/*raŋ/

Definitions edit

梁

  1. Alternative form of 樑 (liáng, “bridge; roof beam; ridge”); also the simplified form.
  2. (historical) state of Liang
    1. An ancient Chinese state during the Spring and Autumn period
    2. An ancient Chinese state of Wei after moving its capital to Daliang
    3. An ancient Chinese state during the Han dynasty
    4. An ancient Chinese state during the Jin (晉／晋 (jìn)) dynasty
    5. One of two ancient Chinese states during the end of the Sui dynasty
  3. (historical) Liang dynasty
    1. Southern Liang, one of the Southern Dynasties
    2. Later Liang of the Five Dynasties
  4. a surname
    梁山伯  ―  Liáng Shānbó  ―  Liang Shanbo (in the legend of Butterfly Lovers)
    梁啟超／梁启超  ―  Liáng Qǐchāo  ―  Liang Qichao (Chinese intellectual and politician who lived during the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China)

Synonyms edit

See also edit

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name Time period Divisions
Xia
夏 (～朝, ～代) 		2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (～朝, ～代)
殷 (～朝, ～代) 		1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (～朝, ～代) 		1046 – 256 BCE Western Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周／东周		 Spring and Autumn period
春秋
Warring States period
戰國／战国
Qin
秦 (～朝, ～代) 		221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢／汉 (～朝, ～代) 		206 BCE – 220 C.E. Western Han
西漢／西汉
Xin
新 (～朝)
Eastern Han
東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國／三国 		220 – 280 C.E. Wei
魏
Shu Han
蜀漢／蜀汉
Wu
吳／吴
Jin
晉／晋 (～朝, ～代) 		265 – 420 C.E. Western Jin
西晉／西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝 		420 – 589 C.E. Northern dynasties
北朝		 Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏／东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊／北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝		 Liu Song
劉宋／刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊／南齐
Liang
梁 (～朝, ～代)
Chen
陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui
隋 (～朝, ～代) 		581 – 618 C.E.
Tang
唐 (～朝, ～代) 		618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國／五代十国 		907 – 960 C.E.
Liao
遼／辽 (～朝, ～代) 		907 – 1125 C.E.
Song
宋 (～朝, ～代) 		960 – 1279 C.E. Northern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏 		1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin
金 (～朝, ～代) 		1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao
西遼／西辽 		1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan
元 (～朝, ～代) 		1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming
明 (～朝, ～代) 		1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing
清 (～朝, ～代) 		1636 – 1912 C.E.

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (梁):
  • → Korean: 양(梁) (Yang)
  • → Vietnamese: Lương (梁)

Others:

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Kanji edit

梁

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
梁
うつばり
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese 梁 (utupari); attested phonetically in Old Japanese in the Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki of 794, with the spelling 宇都波利.[1][2]

Likely a compound of 内 (utsu-, “inside”, bound form) +‎ 張り (hari, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of 張る (haru, “to stick; to spread”)), as suggested by various works.[2]

Alternatively, the initial utsu- is connected to utsu-, spelled variously in addition to 内 (“inside”) as 全 (“all of which is contained in a group”), 空, 虚 (“an inner hollow or empty space; an inner void”), which are likely cognates.[2]

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

梁(うつばり) • (utsubari) 

  1. a beam
  2. (figuratively) the central figure or person, a pillar

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
梁
はり
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Attested in the Muromachi period.[5]

The late attestation in Middle Japanese suggests that this might have been an abbreviation of 梁 (utsubari), also pronounced utsuhari in older texts.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

梁(はり) • (hari) 

  1. beam, joist

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
梁
やな
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
簗

From Old Japanese 梁 (yana). Attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[6][7]

There are various theories, such as a derivation from 屋魚 (ya na, “house of a fish”), やる魚 (yaru na, “a fish to be done”), an abbreviation of 梁簀 (yanasu), and a shift from 板庭 (itaniwa).[7]

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

梁(やな) • (yana) 

  1. fish trap, fish weir

Etymology 4 edit

Kanji in this term
梁
りょう
Jinmeiyō
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 梁 (MC ljang).

Pronunciation edit

Proper noun edit

梁(りょう) • (Ryō) 

  1. (historical) Liang

References edit

  1. ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 124
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 “うつ‐ばり 【梁】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)  ‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
    The 語源説 (gogensetsu, “etymological theory”) section gives the following theories:
    1. ウチバリ（内張）の転〔名語記・桑家漢語抄所引秘授抄・和句解・日本釈名・東雅・万葉集類林・家屋雑考・大言海〕。
    2. ウツハリ（全張）の義〔名言通・和訓栞〕。
    3. ウツハリ（空張）の義〔言元梯〕。ウツハリギ（空張木）の下略〔日本語原学＝林甕臣〕。
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 “はり 【梁】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)  ‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  6. ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 764
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 “やな 【梁・簗】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)  ‎[3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
    The 語源説 (gogensetsu, “etymological theory”) section gives the following theories:
    1. ヤナ（屋魚）の義〔名言通・和訓栞・大言海〕。
    2. 魚がもれないようにするところからヤルナの義か〔和句解〕。
    3. ヤナス（梁簀）の略〔国語の語根とその分類＝大島正健〕。
    4. イタニハ（板庭）の反〔名語記〕。
  8. ^ “りょう［リャウ］ 【梁】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)  ‎[4] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 梁 (MC ljang). Recorded as Middle Korean 랴ᇰ (lyang) (Yale: lyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

梁 (eumhun 들보 량 (deulbo ryang), South Korea 들보 양 (deulbo yang))

  1. Hanja form? of 량/양 (“beam; bridge”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [5]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

梁: Hán Nôm readings: lương

  1. chữ Hán form of Lương (“a surname from Chinese.”).
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