唐

唐 U+5510, 唐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5510 ← 唏 [U+550F] CJK Unified Ideographs 唑 → [U+5511]

唐 U+2F842, 唐 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F842 ← 哶 [U+2F841] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 啓 → [U+2F843]

Translingual

Han character

唐 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈中口 (ILR), four-corner 0026₇, composition ⿸广⿱肀口)

Derived characters

• 傏 塘 㜍 搪 嵣 溏 䧜 瑭 榶 膅 煻 禟 磄 䅯 瞊 螗 糖 䌅 赯 醣 鎕 餹
• 鄌 㲥 㼺 鶶 蓎 篖

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 192, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3709
• Dae Jaweon: page 411, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 633, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5510

• Unihan data for U+2F842

Bailang

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mraŋ. Compare Burmese မြင် (mrang, “to see”).

Verb

唐 (*lˤɑŋ)

1. to see

References

• Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎^[1], volume 103, pages 386—429

Chinese

simp. and trad.		唐
alternative forms		𡃯 𣉺 𥏬

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (庚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
唐	*ɡl'aːŋ
煻	*l'aːŋ
糖	*l'aːŋ
搪	*l'aːŋ
蓎	*l'aːŋ
瑭	*l'aːŋ
餹	*l'aːŋ
篖	*l'aːŋ
螗	*l'aːŋ
塘	*l'aːŋ
鶶	*l'aːŋ
赯	*l'aːŋ
磄	*l'aːŋ
溏	*l'aːŋ
傏	*l'aːŋ
鎕	*l'aːŋ
榶	*l'aːŋ
嵣	*l'aːŋʔ, *l'aːŋs
庚	*kraːŋ
賡	*kraːŋ
鹒	*kraːŋ
康	*kʰlaːŋ
穅	*kʰlaːŋ
糠	*kʰlaːŋ
槺	*kʰlaːŋ
漮	*kʰlaːŋ
躿	*kʰlaːŋ
慷	*kʰlaːŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡl'aːŋ) : phonetic 庚 (OC *kraːŋ) + semantic 口 (“mouth”) – to exaggerate, to boast. 唐 and 庚 were near-homophones in Old Chinese.

Etymology

Either related to 途 (OC *l'aː) (Wang, 1982) or from Austroasiatic, compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *glɔɔŋ, whence Mon ဂၠံၚ်, Kensiu gəlɔŋ, Kuy khlù:aŋ (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): táng (tang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄤˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tang²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tong⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hong³

• Gan (Wiktionary): tong²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thòng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): tong²

• Jin (Wiktionary): ton¹
• Northern Min (KCR): dǒ̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): dòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tn̂g / tông / thâng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): deng⁵ / tang⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶daon
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dan²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: táng
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: táng
    • Wade–Giles: tʻang²
    • Yale: táng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarng
    • Palladius: тан (tan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑŋ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: tang²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tong⁴
    • Yale: tòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tong⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔːŋ²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔŋ²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: tong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔŋ²⁴/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: tongˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tong²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰoŋ¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: tong²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰɔŋ¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ton¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰxɒ̃¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǒ̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /touŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tn̂g
    • Tâi-lô: tn̂g
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dngg
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tŋ̍¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /tŋ̍²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tŋ̍²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Changtai, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông
    • Tâi-lô: tông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doong
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Changtai, Taipei): /tɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thâng
    • Tâi-lô: thâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: taang
    • IPA (Longyan): /tʰaŋ¹¹/

Note:

• Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangzhou, Taiwan:
  • tn̂g - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • tông - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: deng⁵ / tang⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tṳ̂ng / thâng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɯŋ⁵⁵/, /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• deng5 - vernacular (incl. surname);
• tang5 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶daon
    • MiniDict: daon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³daan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /dɑ̃²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: dan²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tan¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: dang

Rime
Character	唐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒郎切
Baxter	dang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daŋ/
Li Rong	/dɑŋ/
Wang Li	/dɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	táng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tong4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*r̥ˤaŋ/, /*[N-]rˤaŋ/, /*[N].rˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡl'aːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	唐	唐	唐
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tāng	táng	táng
Middle Chinese	‹ thang ›	‹ dang ›	‹ dang ›
Old Chinese	/*r̥ˁaŋ/	/*[N-]rˁaŋ/	/*[N].rˁaŋ/
English	name of first Shang ruler	exaggerate; great	棠棣 cherry tree
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	唐
Reading #	1/1
No.	3959
Phonetic component	庚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	唐
Old Chinese	/*ɡl'aːŋ/

Definitions

唐

1. Used in 荒唐 (huāngtáng).; to exaggerate; to boast
2. (literary) exaggerative; boastful
3. (obsolete) vast; wide; extensive
4. (obsolete) road inside temple

   • 中唐有甓，邛有旨鷊。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     中唐有甓，邛有旨鹝。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zhōngtáng yǒu pì, qióng yǒu zhǐ yì. [Pinyin]

     The middle path of the temple is covered with its tiles; on the height is the beautiful medallion plant.

5. (literary) in vain; to no avail
6. 50th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "vastness, emptiness, pointlessness" (𝌷)
7. (～朝) Tang Dynasty (618–907)

   唐詩／唐诗  ―  tángshī  ―  Tang poetry

8. Later Tang (923–937), the second of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

   Synonym: 後唐／后唐 (Hòutáng)

9. Southern Tang (937–976), a state in Southern China that existed during Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

   Synonym: 南唐 (Nántáng)

10. Tang, a legendary ancient Chinese dynasty established by Emperor Yao

    Synonym: 陶唐

11. (figurative) China

    唐人  ―  tángrén  ―  Chinese person

12. (obsolete) (alt. form 蓎) dodder (Cuscuta chinensis)
13. (～縣) Tang county (a county of Baoding, Hebei, China)
14. (～郡) Down (a county of Northern Ireland, United Kingdom)
15. a surname

    唐君毅  ―  Táng Jūnyì  ―  Tang Chun-i (20th-century Chinese philosopher)

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周／东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
			Warring States period 戰國／战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 C.E.	Western Han 西漢／西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國／三国	220 – 280 C.E.	Wei 魏
		Shu Han 蜀漢／蜀汉
		Wu 吳／吴
Jin 晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Western Jin 西晉／西晋
		Eastern Jin 東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 C.E.	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏／东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊／北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋／刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊／南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 C.E.
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國／五代十国	907 – 960 C.E.
Liao 遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 C.E.
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Northern Song 北宋
		Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao 西遼／西辽	1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 C.E.

Compounds

• 中唐 (zhōngtáng)
• 二返投唐
• 全唐文
• 全唐詩／全唐诗
• 初唐 (Chūtáng)
• 初唐四傑／初唐四杰
• 劉唐下書／刘唐下书
• 半唐番 (bàntángfān, “half-Chinese person”)
• 南唐 (Nántáng)
• 唐三彩 (tángsāncǎi)
• 唐三絕／唐三绝
• 唐三藏 (Tángsānzàng)
• 唐人 (tángrén)
• 唐人街 (tángrénjiē, “Chinatown”)
• 唐努山
• 唐古喇山
• 唐古拉 (Tánggǔlā)
• 唐哉皇哉
• 唐堯／唐尧
• 唐塞
• 唐太宗
• 唐夷
• 唐家墩 (Tángjiādūn)
• 唐寧街／唐宁街 (Tángníng Jiē)
• 唐山 (Tángshān)
• 唐巷 (Tángxiàng)
• 唐巾
• 唐店 (Tángdiàn)
• 唐捐 (tángjuān)
• 唐明皇 (Tángmínghuáng)
• 唐晡囝
• 唐會要／唐会要
• 唐朝 (Tángcháo)
• 唐村 (Tángcūn)
• 唐樂／唐乐 (tángyuè)
• 唐氏症 (Tángshìzhèng)
• 唐沖／唐冲 (Tángchōng)
• 唐猊 (tángní)
• 唐猊鎧甲／唐猊铠甲 (tángní kǎijiǎ)
• 唐玄宗
• 唐突 (tángtū)
• 唐突西施
• 唐縣／唐县 (Tángxiàn)
• 唐老鴨／唐老鸭 (Tánglǎoyā)
• 唐臨晉帖／唐临晋帖
• 唐花 (tánghuā)
• 唐莊／唐庄 (Tángzhuāng)
• 唐菖蒲 (tángchāngpú)
• 唐虞 (Táng-Yú)
• 唐裝／唐装 (tángzhuāng)
• 唐話／唐话 (tánghuà)
• 唐詩／唐诗 (Tángshī)
• 唐韻／唐韵
• 唐餐 (tángcān)
• 唐高祖
• 四唐
• 大唐之歌
• 後唐／后唐 (Hòutáng)
• 撲唐唐／扑唐唐
• 放肆荒唐
• 新唐書／新唐书 (Xīntángshū)
• 晚唐
• 李唐 (Lǐtáng)
• 求馬唐肆／求马唐肆
• 盛唐 (Shèngtáng)
• 舊唐書／旧唐书 (Jiùtángshū)
• 苟且唐塞
• 荒唐 (huāngtáng)
• 荒唐不經／荒唐不经
• 荒唐之言
• 荒唐無稽／荒唐无稽
• 行唐 (xíngtáng)
• 遣唐使
• 陶唐
• 陶唐氏
• 雲雨高唐／云雨高唐
• 頹唐／颓唐 (tuítáng)
• 馮唐易老／冯唐易老
• 高唐 (gāotáng)

 

Descendants

• → English: Tang, T'ang, Tong, Tng
• → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *daːŋᴬ² (“road; way”)
  • Northern Thai: ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ
  • Khün: ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ
  • Lao: ທາງ (thāng)
  • Lü: ᦑᦱᧂ (taang)
  • Tai Dam: ꪕꪱꪉ
  • Shan: တၢင်း (táang)
  • Tai Nüa: ᥖᥣᥒᥰ (täang)
  • Ahom: 𑜄𑜂𑜫 (taṅ)
  • Thai: ทาง (taang, “road; way”)
• → Thai: ถัง (tǎng, “Tang (dynasty)”)

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00583

Japanese

Shinjitai	唐
Kyūjitai	唐󠄁 唐+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	唐󠄃 唐+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

唐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. Tang dynasty
2. China, Chinese, Sino-
3. foreign
4. baseless, bogus
5. abrupt, sudden

Readings

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

• Go-on: どう (dō)^{←だう (dau, historical)}
• Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)^{←たう (tau, historical)}
• Tō-on: たん (tan)
• Sō-on: たん (tan)
• Kun: から (kara, 唐, Jōyō); もろこし (morokoshi, 唐)
• Nanori: かろ (karo)

Compounds

Compounds

• 唐(とう)朝(ちょう) (Tōchō, “the Tang Dynasty”)
• 唐(とう)突(とつ) (tōtotsu)
• 荒(こう)唐(とう) (kōtō)
• 唐棣花(ハネズ) (hanezu)
• 唐土(もろこし) (Morokoshi)
• 唐黍(モロコシ) (morokoshi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
唐
とう Grade: S
on’yomi

/tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/

From Middle Chinese 唐 (MC dang).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) と​ー [tóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [to̞ː]

Noun

唐(とう) • (tō) ^{←たう (tau)?}

1. foreign lands in general

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 唐(トウ)辛(ガラ)子(シ) (tō-garashi, “red pepper”)
• 唐人(とうじん) (tōjin, “Chinese person; foreigner; barbarian”)
• 唐(とう)縮緬(ちりめん) (tō-chirimen, “muslin”)
• 唐紅(とうべに) (tōbeni, “fuchsine”)
• 玉蜀黍(トウモロコシ) (tōmorokoshi, “corn, maize”)
• 毛(け)唐(とう) (ketō, “foreigner, Westerner”)

Idioms

• 唐(とう)へ投(な)げ銀(がね) (tō e nage-gane)

Proper noun

唐(とう) • (Tō) ^{←たう (tau)?}

1. (historical) name of various Chinese dynasties:
   1. the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE)
   2. the 後唐 (Kōtō, “Later Tang”) (923-937 CE)
   3. the 南唐 (Nantō, “Southern Tang”) (937–976 CE)
2. (dated) China in general

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 唐(とう)音(おん) (Tō-on, “Tang reading of a kanji character”)
• 唐(とう)詩(し) (Tō-shi, “Tang poetry”)
• 唐(とう)人(じん) (Tō-jin, “a Chinese person; a foreigner from China”)
• 入唐(にっとう) (nittō, “visit to Tang Dynasty China”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
唐
から Grade: S
kun’yomi

From 伽羅, a proper name from ancient Korean Peninsula.

Originally meant "China" during the Tang dynasty and "elements imported from China", then later expanded to mean "foreign lands in general" and "elements imported from foreign lands".

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) か​ら [káꜜrà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾa̠]

Prefix

唐(から) • (kara-) 

1. element in compounds, referring to things imported from China or from other foreign lands

   漢詩(からうた)、唐(から)歌(うた)、唐(から)揚(あ)げ、漢音(からごえ)

   karauta, karauta, karaage, karagoe

   Chinese-style poetry (as opposed to formal waka Japanese-style poetry), Chinese-style poetry, deep-fried chicken or fish (a style introduced by Europeans in the 1600s), "Chinese voice" → the kan'on or Chinese-derived reading for a character

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 唐(から)揚(あ)げ (karāge, “deep-fried chicken nuggets”)
• 唐歌(からうた) (karauta)
• 唐(から)木(き) (karaki, “exotic wood”)
• 唐(から)紅(くれない) (kara-kurenai, “Chinese red”)
• 唐(から)獅子(じし), 唐(から)獅子(じし) (kara-jishi): an artistic portrayal of a lion
• 唐(から)手(て) (karate, “karate”)
• 唐梨(カラナシ) (karanashi)
• 唐様(からよう) (karayō, “Chinese-style design”)

Noun

唐(から) • (kara) 

1. foreign lands in general
2. Short for 唐織り (karaori): silk fabrics imported from China; an exquisitely-embroidered woman's kimono; a costume made in the karaori style used in Noh theater

Proper noun

唐(から) • (Kara) 

1. (formal, dated) the name of China during the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE).

Derived terms

• 唐(から)人(ひと) (Kara hito), 唐(から)人(びと) (Kara-bito, “a Chinese or Korean person; a foreigner from China or Korea”)

See also

• 漢(から) (Kara, usually "China in the Han dynasty")
• 韓(から) (Kara, usually "Korea")
• 加羅(から), 伽羅(から), 迦羅(から) (Kara, “the Gaya confederacy”, original derivation)
• 呉(くれ) (Kure, “China during the Wu dynasty”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
唐
もろこし Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 唐 – see the following entry.

【もろこし】 [proper noun] (archaic) China [noun] (archaic) any objects imported from China Alternative spelling 唐土

(This term, 唐, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

唐 (eumhun 당나라 당 (dangnara dang))

1. Hanja form^? of 당 (“Tang dynasty”).
2. Hanja form^? of 당 (“Chinese”).

Okinawan

Kanji

唐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• On (unclassified): とー (tō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
唐
とー Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /toː/

Proper noun

唐(とー) (Tō) 

1. China

Derived terms

• 唐(とー)船(しん) (Tōshin)
• 唐(とー)口(ぐち) (Tōguchi)
• 唐(とー)ぬ口(くち) (Tōnukuchi)
• 唐(とー)ぬ人(ちゅ) (Tōnuchu)
• 唐(とー)ぬっ人(ちゅー)墓(ばか) (Tōnutchūbaka)

References

• “とー【唐】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

Han character

唐: Hán Nôm readings: Đường, đường, đằng, đàng, giềng

1. Tang dynasty
2. Chinese