Wiktionary

語

See also: 语
語 U+8A9E, 語
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A9E
← 誝
[U+8A9D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 誟 →
[U+8A9F]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

語 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口一一口 (YRMMR), four-corner 01661, composition ⿰訁吾)

Derived characters edit

Related characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1163, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35533
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1628, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3974, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8A9E

Chinese edit

trad. 語
simp. 语

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 語
Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (五) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
吾 *ŋraː, *ŋaː
衙 *ŋraː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鼯 *ŋaː
浯 *ŋaː
珸 *ŋaː
郚 *ŋaː
齬 *ŋaː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鯃 *ŋaː
娪 *ŋaː
梧 *ŋaː
峿 *ŋaː
五 *ŋaːʔ
伍 *ŋaːʔ
寤 *ŋaːs
啎 *ŋaːs
晤 *ŋaːs
悟 *ŋaːs
逜 *ŋaːs
窹 *ŋaːs
捂 *ŋaːs
鋙 *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
語 *ŋaʔ, *ŋas
圄 *ŋaʔ
敔 *ŋaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas) : semantic 言 + phonetic 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː).

Etymology edit

Compare Tibetan ངག (ngag, “speech”).

According to Schuessler (2007), 言 (OC *ŋan, “to speak; speech; talk”) is 語 (OC *ŋaʔ) with a nominal n-suffix.

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note:
  • General Taiwanese:
    • gí/gú - vernacular;
    • gú - literary.
Note: 3gniur / 3gniunnr - see 語兒.
Rime
Character 語
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 魚巨切
Baxter ngjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋɨʌX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋiɔX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiɔX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋɨə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiɔX/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭoX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯woX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 語
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjoX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋ(r)aʔ/
English speak

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 語
Reading # 1/2
No. 13159
Phonetic
component 		五
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		語
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋaʔ/

Definitions edit

語

  1. to speak; to say
  2. (of an animal) to chirp; to hoot
  3. speech; language
  4. (linguistics) spoken language (contrary to written language 文)
  5. expression; words
  6. saying; proverb; set phrase
  7. movement or signal which transmits information
  8. chirping; tweet

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Rime
Character 語
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 牛倨切
Baxter ngjoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋɨə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiɔH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭoH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 語
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjoH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋ(r)aʔ-s/
English tell

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 語
Reading # 2/2
No. 13165
Phonetic
component 		五
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		御
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋas/

Definitions edit

語

  1. † to tell; to inform

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (語):
  • → Japanese: 語(ご) (go)
  • → Korean: 어(語) (eo)
  • → Vietnamese: ngữ (語)

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

語

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
語
ご
Grade: 2
goon
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

From Middle Chinese 語 (MC ngjoX).

Pronunciation edit

  This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Noun edit

語(ご) • (go) 

  1. (linguistics) a word, term
    Synonyms: 言葉 (kotoba), 単語 (tango)
  2. a proverb
    Synonyms: 諺 (kotowaza), 成句 (seiku)

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

Suffix edit

語(ご) • (-go) 

  1. language of, -ese, -ish
    日(に)本(ほん)語(ご) ― nihongo ― Japanese
    英(えい)語(ご) ― eigo ― English
    スペイン語(ご) ― supeingo ― Spanish

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

Affix edit

語(ご) • (go) 

  1. talk, speak
  2. word, language, term
  3. Short for 物語 (monogatari): story, tale, narrative

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

References edit

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 語 (MC ngjoX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅌᅥᆼ〯 (Yale: ngě)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 말〯ᄉᆞᆷ〮 (Yale: mǎlsóm) 어〯 (Yale: ě)

Pronunciation edit

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɘ(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [어(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

語 (eumhun 말씀 어 (malsseum eo))

  1. Hanja form? of 어 (“language of; -ese; -ish”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

語: Hán Việt readings: ngữ[1][2][3]
語: Nôm readings: ngỡ[1][2][3][4], ngửa[1][2][3][4], ngữ[1][2][3], ngứa[1][3], ngợ[3][4], gỡ[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of ngữ (“language”).
  2. Nôm form of ngỡ (“to think that”).

Compounds edit

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
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