gli
See also: gli-
Alemannic German edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German gelīch, from Old High German gilīh, from Proto-West Germanic *galīk, from Proto-Germanic *galīkaz. Compare German gleich.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
gli
Italian edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Latin illī (nominative masculine plural of ille).
Article edit
Italian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il lo/l' |
i gli |
feminine | la/l' | le |
gli m pl (singular lo)
- form of the article i (“the”) used before a vowel, impure s, gn, pn, ps, x, y, and z, and also with the plural noun dei (“gods”); the
- gli alberi ― the trees
- gli studenti ― the students
- gli gnomi ― the gnomes
- gli pneumatici ― the tires
- gli xilofoni ― the xylophones
- gli yogurt ― the yogurts
- gli zaini ― the backpacks
- gli dei ― the gods
Etymology 2 edit
From Latin illī (dative masculine singular of ille).
Pronoun edit
gli m (plural gli)
Usage notes edit
- Becomes glie- when followed by a non-reflexive third-person accusative or genitive clitic pronoun (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
Etymology 3 edit
From Latin illī (dative feminine singular of ille).
Pronoun edit
gli f (plural gli)
- (dative, informal) her, to her
- ca. 1349-1353, Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron, Tommaso Edlin (1725), page 98:
- […] ne prima altro fece, che ella s’ingegnò di veder Beltramo, & appreſſo nel coſpetto del Re venuta di gratia chieſe, che la ſua infermita gli moſtraſſe.
- Before aught else she studied to see Bertrand and next, presenting herself before the king, she prayed him of his favour/favor to show her his ailment.
- Synonym: le
- Ho detto a Gianna che gli telefono domani.
- I told Gianna I'd call her tomorrow.
- ca. 1349-1353, Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron, Tommaso Edlin (1725), page 98:
Usage notes edit
- Becomes glie- when followed by a third-person direct-object clitic pronoun (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
- Although historically attested and etymologically justifiable (from illī f sg), this form is nonetheless, to this day, considered incorrect and is therefore only acceptable in an informal, colloquial context and register.[1]
Etymology 4 edit
From Latin illīs (dative plural of ille).
Pronoun edit
gli m pl or f pl
- (dative) them, to them
- Gli parlerò. ― I'll talk to them.
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:gli.
Usage notes edit
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Italian personal pronouns
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
References edit
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Low German gliden, from Proto-Germanic *glīdaną.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
gli (present tense glir, past tense glei, supine glidd/glidt or glide, past participle glidd or gliden, present participle glidande, imperative gli)
- to slip (to lose one's traction on a slippery surface)
- Han glei på isen.
- He slipped on the ice.
- to glide (to move effortlessly)
- Skia glir godt.
- The skis glide well.
References edit
- “gli” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Swedish edit
Noun edit
gli n
Declension edit
Declension of gli | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | gli | gliet | glin | glina |
Genitive | glis | gliets | glins | glinas |