Wiktionary

-li

See also: Appendix:Variations of "li"

Alemannic German edit

Suffix edit

-li

  1. forms diminutives of nouns

Derived terms edit

Alemannic German terms suffixed with -li

Chickasaw edit

Suffix edit

-li (class I first-person singular subject marker)

  1. I (subject of an active transitive or active intransitive verb)

Suffix edit

-li (transitive-forming verb suffix)

  1. forms or indicates an active transitive verb

Choctaw edit

Etymology 1 edit

Suffix edit

-li (verb-forming suffix)

  1. forms or indicates an active transitive verb

Etymology 2 edit

Suffix edit

-li (class I first-person singular)

  1. the subject of an active transitive verb
    I
  2. the subject of an active intransitive verb
    I
Inflection edit
Choctaw Person Markers
class I class II class III class N imperative
+s +C +V +C/i +a/o +C +V +C +V +C +V
first-person singular initial -li sa- si- a̱- am- ak- n/a
medial -sa- -sam-
paucal ī- il- pi- pi̱- pim- kī- kil-
plural hapi- hapi̱- hapim-
second-person singular is- ish- chi- chi̱- chim- chik- ∅
plural has- hash- hachi- hachi̱- hachim- hachik- ho- oh-
third-person ∅ ∅ i̱- im- ik-

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl edit

Etymology 1 edit

Cognate to Classical Nahuatl -lin

Suffix edit

-li

  1. a suffix that makes nouns.

Etymology 2 edit

Suffix edit

-li

  1. Alternative spelling of -lli.

Fala edit

Pronoun edit

-li

  1. Clitic form of le (“to him, to her, to them”)

See also edit

Fala personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular ei me, -mi mi
plural common nos musL
nusLV
nos, -nusM 		nos
masculine noshotrusM noshotrusM
feminine noshotrasM noshotrasM
second person singular tú te, -ti ti
plural common vos vusLV
vos, -vusM 		vos
masculine voshotrusM voshotrusM
feminine voshotrasM voshotrasM
third person singular masculine el le, -li uLV, oM el
feminine ela a ela
plural masculine elis usLV, osM elis
feminine elas as elas
reflexive — se, -si sí

References edit

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Finnish edit

Etymology 1 edit

-la +‎ -i (nominal suffix)

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

-li

  1. Forms diminutive nouns.
Usage notes edit

Preceding -a-, -ä-, -i- usually changes to -e- (compare -ella).

Alternative forms edit
Derived terms edit
Finnish terms suffixed with -li (nominal)

Etymology 2 edit

-la +‎ -i (i-lative singular)

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /-li(ˣ)/, [-li(ʔ)]

Suffix edit

-li

  1. Forms some terminative adverbs.
Derived terms edit
Finnish terms suffixed with -li (adverbial)

Greenlandic edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

-li (v-v?, additive?)

  1. (intransitive, with stative verbs) [verb] more
  2. (transitive, with stative verbs) cause to [verb] more

Usage notes edit

Fusions with three verbs in the following manner:

angivoq (“be large”) → allivoq (“become larger”), allivaa (“make larger, enlarge”)
mikivoq (“be small”) → millivoq (“become smaller, shrink”), millivaa (“make smaller”)
takivoq (“be long”) → tallivoq (“become longer”), tallivaa (“make longer”)

Derived terms edit

Greenlandic terms suffixed with -li

Enclitic edit

-li

  1. but

Further reading edit

Igbo edit

Alternative forms edit

  • -ri (Owerri, Umuahia)

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

-li

  1. Used to form simple past tenses of verbs.
    melili (as in Roger Federer melili Yoshihito Nishioka na US Open.)

Italian edit

Pronoun edit

-li

  1. (enclitic) Alternative form of li
    dare (“to give”) → darli (“to give them”)
    vendere (“to sell”) → venderli (“to sell them”)
    servire (“to serve”) → servirli (“to serve them”)

Usage notes edit

  • Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to accusative dative forms when the object is third plural masculine person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :
-are → -arli
-ere → -erli
-ire → -irli

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurli (“to introduce them”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -li.

Anagrams edit

Latin edit

Suffix edit

-lī

  1. inflection of -lus:
    1. nominative/vocative masculine plural
    2. genitive masculine/neuter singular

Lower Sorbian edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Slavic *-li; cognate with Upper Sorbian -li, Polish -li, Czech -li.

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

-li

  1. used after a verb form to introduce a polar question
    Spiš-li? ― Are you sleeping?
    Sy-li Bóžy syn? ― Are you the Son of God?
    Wiźiš-li to? ― Do you see that?

Conjunction edit

-li

  1. if
    Synonyms: joli, gaž, gaby
    Coš-li, ga móžoš. ― If you want, then you may.
    Jo-li tam, ga jo derje. ― If he’s there, then it’s all right.
    Zmejoš-li pjeńeze, dosć změjoš pśijaśelow. ― If you have money, you’ll have plenty of friends.
    Maš-li to na mysli, ga cyń. ― If you’re thinking of it, do it.

Further reading edit

  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “-li”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Maltese edit

Etymology edit

lil +‎ -i

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

-li

  1. to me

Middle English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Suffix edit

-li

  1. Alternative form of -ly (“adjectival suffix”)

Etymology 2 edit

Suffix edit

-li

  1. Alternative form of -ly (“adverbial suffix”)

Pennsylvania German edit

Suffix edit

-li

  1. (diminutive) -ling, -let

Derived terms edit

Pitjantjatjara edit

Pronoun edit

-li (first person dual nominative, bound form of ngali)

  1. we two

Usage notes edit

Bound pronouns can be used instead of the regular "long form" pronouns. They act as clitics that attach to the last word of the first noun phrase in the sentence, or the conjunctions ka or munu if present.

Related terms edit

Pitjantjatjara personal pronouns (nominative case)
Singular Dual Plural
First person ngayulu (I)
Bound form: -ṉa 		ngali (we two)
Bound form: -li 		nganaṉa (we, more than two)
Bound form: -la
Second person nyuntu (you)
Bound form: -n 		nyupali (you two) nyura (you, more than two)
Third person paluṟu (he/she/it) pula (they two) tjana (they, more than two)
Bound form: -ya

Polish edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /li/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -i
  • Syllabification: li

Particle edit

-li

  1. (dated) interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question
    Synonym: czy
  2. (dated) emphatic particle
    Synonyms: -że, -no, -ci, -to

Further reading edit

  • -li in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Turkish edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـلی (-li), from earlier ـلو (-li), from Proto-Turkic *-lig.

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

preceding vowel
A / I E / İ O / U Ö / Ü
-lı -li -lu -lü

-li

  1. with, containing; forms adjectives from nouns. This usage is treated as a "case suffix" and is separated from proper nouns by an apostrophe.
    Antonym: -siz
    ‎kafein (“caffeine”) + ‎-li → ‎kafeinli (“caffeinated, containing caffeine”)
  2. of, from; of a nation or place. This usage is treated as a "word-forming suffix" and is not separated from proper nouns by an apostrophe. The demonym formed this way functions equally as an adjective and as a noun. It is commonly encountered in surnames derived from the names of towns and cities.
    ‎İstanbul (“Istanbul”) + ‎-li → ‎İstanbullu (“[a person] from Istanbul”)
    ‎Tokat (“a city in northern Anatolia”) + ‎-li → ‎Tokatlı (“[a person] from Tokat”)
  3. Added to sports organizations to form names for their fans.
    ‎Ardahanspor (“a soccer team”) + ‎-li → ‎Ardahansporlu (“a person who supports this team”)

Usage notes edit

  • Stress is carried onto the suffix when appended to a word with stress on the last syllable:
    üzüm /yˈzym/ becomes üzümlü /y.zymˈly/; Kars /ˈkaɾs/ becomes Karslı /kaɾsˈɫɯ/
  • Stress doesn't shift when appended to a word that is stressed elsewhere:
    çikolata /t͡ʃi.koˈɫa.ta/ becomes çikolatalı /t͡ʃi.koˈɫa.ta.ɫɯ/; Bursa /ˈbuɾ.sa/ becomes Bursalı /ˈbuɾ.sa.ɫɯ/

Derived terms edit

Turkish terms suffixed with -li

Descendants edit

  • Ladino: -li
  • Greek: -λής (-lís)

Uzbek edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Chagatai ـلیغ (-lığ), ـلیک (-lig), ـلوغ (-luğ), ـلوک (-lüg), from Proto-Turkic *-lig.

Suffix edit

-li

  1. used to form descriptive adjectives from nouns

Derived terms edit

Uzbek terms suffixed with -li

Wutunhua edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Mandarin 裡／里 (“inside”).

Suffix edit

-li

  1. Marks the locative case:
    1. in, at (location of an action)
      ggaiggan lhokang-li huaiqa kan-di-li.
      The teacher is reading a book in the classroom.
      (Quoted in Sandman, p. 52)
    2. to (direction of an action; optional for place names)
      ngu rongbo-li qhi-zhe.
      I am going to Longwu.
      (Quoted in Sandman, p. 52)

Etymology 2 edit

Janhunen et al. speculates that this is from Mandarin 來／来 (“to come”).

Suffix edit

-li

  1. An evidential suffix, marking that the subject has personally experienced the event/situation but that they were not personally responsible for instigating the event/situation, or did not have full control over the experience.

References edit

  • Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
  • Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎[2], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN
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