áram

See also: Appendix:Variations of "aram"

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈaːrɒm]
• Hyphenation: áram
• Rhymes: -ɒm

Etymology 1

Back-formation from áramlik. Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.

Noun

áram (usually uncountable, plural áramok)

1. power, electricity (a supply of electricity)

   Nincs áram. ― The power is down.

2. (electricity) current

   Megrázott az áram, mikor megérintettem a drótot. ― I got an electric shock when I touched the wire. (literally, “The current shook me when…”)

3. current, stream, flow (fluid or air that moves continuously in a certain direction)

   Synonym: áramlat

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	áram	áramok
accusative	áramot	áramokat
dative	áramnak	áramoknak
instrumental	árammal	áramokkal
causal-final	áramért	áramokért
translative	árammá	áramokká
terminative	áramig	áramokig
essive-formal	áramként	áramokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	áramban	áramokban
superessive	áramon	áramokon
adessive	áramnál	áramoknál
illative	áramba	áramokba
sublative	áramra	áramokra
allative	áramhoz	áramokhoz
elative	áramból	áramokból
delative	áramról	áramokról
ablative	áramtól	áramoktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	áramé	áramoké
non-attributive possessive – plural	áraméi	áramokéi

Possessive forms of áram

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	áramom	áramaim
2nd person sing.	áramod	áramaid
3rd person sing.	árama	áramai
1st person plural	áramunk	áramaink
2nd person plural	áramotok	áramaitok
3rd person plural	áramuk	áramaik

Derived terms

• áramos
• áramú

Compound words with this term at the beginning

• áramellátás
• áramerő
• áramerősség
• áramfejlesztés
• áramfejlesztő
• áramfogyasztás
• áramfogyasztó
• áramforrás
• áramhiány
• áramirányító
• áramjelző
• áramkimaradás
• áramkorlátozás
• áramkör
• árammegszakító
• árammentes
• árammérő
• áramsűrűség
• áramszaggató
• áramszedő
• áramszolgáltatás
• áramszünet
• áramtermelés
• áramütés
• áramvezető
• áramvonal

Compound words with this term at the end

• bioáram
• egyenáram
• ellenáram
• erősáram
• gyengeáram
• légáram
• váltóáram
• véráram
• villanyáram

Expressions

• elektromos áram
• valószínűségi áram
• váltakozó áram

Etymology 2

ár (“price; flow, flood; awl”) +‎ -am (possessive suffix)

Noun

áram

1. first-person singular single-possession possessive of ár

Declension

Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	áram	—
accusative	áramat	—
dative	áramnak	—
instrumental	árammal	—
causal-final	áramért	—
translative	árammá	—
terminative	áramig	—
essive-formal	áramként	—
essive-modal	áramul	—
inessive	áramban	—
superessive	áramon	—
adessive	áramnál	—
illative	áramba	—
sublative	áramra	—
allative	áramhoz	—
elative	áramból	—
delative	áramról	—
ablative	áramtól	—
non-attributive possessive – singular	áramé	—
non-attributive possessive – plural	áraméi	—

Further reading

• áram in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• áram in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Irish

Etymology

From translingual Arum (botanical name), from Latin arum, from Ancient Greek ἄρον (áron).

Noun

áram m (genitive singular áraim)

1. arum

Declension

Declension of áram (first declension, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative áram vocative a áraim genitive áraim dative áram forms with the definite article singular nominative an t-áram genitive an áraim dative leis an áram don áram

Mutation

Mutated forms of áram

radical	eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
áram	n-áram	háram	t-áram

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “áram”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• áirem, árem

Etymology

By surface analysis, ad- +‎ rím.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaːrəβ̃/, [ˈaːraβ̃]

Noun

áram f (genitive áirme)

1. verbal noun of ad·rími
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 102^d17

     tri togair inn anmae Dǽ ⁊ árim a degmaine

     through calling on the name of God and enumerating his benefits

2. number, numeral
3. certain collective quantity, amount, sum
4. reckoning, computation (of time)
5. grammatical number
6. act of enumerating, recounting
7. estimation, repute, account
8. act of reckoning with
9. regarding, reckoning as

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	áramL	áraimL, áirim	áirmeaH
vocative	áramL	áraimL, áirim	áirmeaH
accusative	áraimN, áirim	áraimL, áirim	áirmeaH
genitive	áirmeH	áramL	áramN
dative	áraimL, áirim	áirmib	áirmib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: áirem
  • Irish: áireamh
  • Manx: earroo
  • Scottish Gaelic: àireamh
• ⇒ Middle Irish: comáirem
  • Irish: comhaireamh

Mutation

Mutation of áram

radical	lenition	nasalization
árem (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-árem

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “áirem”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language