ad-
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ad"
English edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin ad-. Doublet of at-.
Prefix edit
ad-
- (no longer productive) Doing, enacting, forming a verb.
- Near, close to, adjacent.
- Towards in direction or movement. (anatomy) Towards the midline of the body.
- (no longer productive) Intensifying, additionally.
- Along, alongside.
- Appending and/or prepending. Adding from either side.
- Modifying.
- Atop or above in position.
Derived terms edit
terms derived from doing
terms derived from near
terms derived from towards
terms derived from intensifying
terms derived from along
terms derived from appending
terms derived from atop
Translations edit
References edit
- “ad-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
- “ad-”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
Anagrams edit
Catalan edit
Prefix edit
ad-
Ido edit
Etymology edit
Prefix form of ad. Also based on Latin ad-.
Prefix edit
ad-
- to (indicating that to which there is movement, tendency or position, with or without arrival)
Derived terms edit
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
For euphony, ad- can assimilate the attached stem's initial consonant, becoming: a- (before sc, sp, st, and sometimes gn), ac- (before c and q), af- (before f), ag-, al-, ap-, ar-, as-, or at-.
Etymology edit
From the Latin preposition ad (“to, towards”), in turn from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”).
Prefix edit
ad-
- to
- usually prefixed to verbs, in which cases it often has the effect of intensifying the verbal action
See also edit
Lushootseed edit
Prefix edit
ad-
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *ad-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include Latin ad and English at.
Prefix edit
ad-
- to, towards
- in many compounds, it has a purely intensive sense
- augment infix used instead of ro- on verbs whose first prefix is com- and the stressed syllable starts with a consonant
- con·birt (“you conceived”) + ad- → con·abairt (“you have conceived”) (forms of con·beir)
- con·melt (“(s)he rubbed”) + ad- → con·amailt (“(s)he had rubbed”) (forms of con·meil)
- ·coscrad (“not destroyed”) + ad- → ·comscarad (“had not destroyed”) (past subjunctive prototonic forms of con·scara)
- con·gab (“it contained”) + ad- → con·acab (“it had contained”) (forms of con·gaib)
- *·cotla + ad- → ·comthala (subjunctive forms of con·tuili (“to sleep”))
Usage notes edit
- ad-, when used as an augment affix, vanishes in prototonic forms due to syncope. However, its presence may be detected via the different syncope patterns between forms augmented with ad- and those that were not.
- In deuterotonic verbs where ad- is the first prefix and the next sound is /t/, the d in the prefix may be dropped in its spelling.
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Irish: a- (no longer productive)
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ad- | unchanged | n-ad- |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ad-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Portuguese edit
Alternative forms edit
Prefix edit
ad-
- ad- (near; at)
Welsh edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Brythonic *ate-, from Proto-Celtic *ati-.[1] from Proto-Indo-European *éti.[2] Cognate with Cornish as-, English ed-, Latin et (“and”), Sanskrit अति (ati, “over-”).
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
ad-
Derived terms edit
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
ad- | unchanged | unchanged | |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 156 i (1)
- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 222 i (3)
Ye'kwana edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
ad-
- (Cunucunuma River dialect) Allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a vowel a or e.
Inflection edit
Ye'kwana personal markers
pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | |||||||
first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-1 | |||||||
second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad- | m-, mi- | |||||||
first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
|
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
---|---|
first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
first person dual exclusive > second person | |
second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
second person > first person dual exclusive | |
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |