ad-

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ad-. Doublet of at-.

Prefix

ad-

(no longer productive) Doing, enacting, forming a verb.
accouple, admarginate, admixture, attune
Near, close to, adjacent.
adaxonal, addental, admedial
Towards in direction or movement. (anatomy) Towards the midline of the body.
adapical, adfluvial, adgerminal
(no longer productive) Intensifying, additionally.
acclaim, adsignification, adspection
Along, alongside.
admarginal, adnervular, adstratum
Appending and/or prepending. Adding from either side.
adfix, adposition, affix
Modifying.
adnominal, adverb, assoil
Atop or above in position.
adatom, adcumulate, aggrade

Derived terms

terms derived from doing

terms derived from towards

terms derived from intensifying

terms derived from along

terms derived from appending

terms derived from modifying

terms derived from atop

Translations

near; at

Portuguese: ad- (pt), a- (pt)

References

“ad-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
“ad-”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Anagrams

D. A., D.A., DA, Da, da

Catalan

Prefix

ad-

ad-

Ido

Etymology

Prefix form of ad. Also based on Latin ad-.

Prefix

ad-

to (indicating that to which there is movement, tendency or position, with or without arrival)
portar (“carry, bear”) → adportar (“bring, carry (to a person or place)”)

ube (“where”) → adube (“where to (with motion), whither”)

Derived terms

Ido terms prefixed with ad-

Latin

Alternative forms

(forms assimilated to a following consonant, in descending order of frequency)^[1]

ap-, at-, ac-
al-, ar-
ag-, as-, af-
- a- (before /ɡn/ or /sC/; cf. agnoscō, astō)
am-, an- (uncommon)
ab- (very rare)

Etymology

Prefixed form of the preposition ad (“to, towards”). This prefix also appears in other Italic languages, entailing the reconstruction of Proto-Italic *ad- as a prefix.

Prefix

ad-

to
usually prefixed to verbs, in which cases it often has the effect of intensifying the verbal action

References

^ Pages 170‒1 of Cser, András (2020). The phonology of Classical Latin. Transactions of the Philological Society. 118: 1–218.

Lushootseed

Prefix

ad-

your (singular)

Luwian

Alternative forms

az-, at-, ad-(ti)

Etymology

From Proto-Anatolian *h₁(é)d-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”).

Root

ad-

to eat

Forms

(participle) 𒀀𒁕𒄠𒈪𒅔𒍣 (a-da-am-mi-in-zi)
(3rd person plural imperative) 𒀀𒁕𒀭𒁺 (a-da-an-du, “they eat!”)
(infinitive) 𒀀𒁺𒈾 (a-du-na, “to eat”)
(2nd person singular present) 𒊍𒍝𒀸𒋾𒅖 (az-za-aš-ti-iš, “you eat”)

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ad-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include Latin ad and English at.

Prefix

ad-

to, towards
in many compounds, it has a purely intensive sense
augment infix used instead of ro- on verbs whose first prefix is com- and the stressed syllable starts with a consonant
‎con·birt (“you conceived”) + ‎ad- → ‎con·abairt (“you have conceived”) (forms of con·beir)

‎con·melt (“(s)he rubbed”) + ‎ad- → ‎con·amailt (“(s)he had rubbed”) (forms of con·meil)

‎·coscrad (“not destroyed”) + ‎ad- → ‎·comscarad (“had not destroyed”) (past subjunctive prototonic forms of con·scara)

‎con·gab (“it contained”) + ‎ad- → ‎con·acab (“it had contained”) (forms of con·gaib)

‎*·cotla + ‎ad- → ‎·comthala (subjunctive forms of con·tuili (“to sleep”))

Usage notes

ad-, when used as an augment affix, vanishes in prototonic forms due to syncope. However, its presence may be detected via the different syncope patterns between forms augmented with ad- and those that were not.
In deuterotonic verbs where ad- is the first prefix and the next sound is /t/, the d in the prefix may be dropped in its spelling.

Derived terms

Descendants

Irish: a- (no longer productive)

Mutation

Mutation of *ad-*
radical	lenition	nasalization
ad- (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-ad-

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ad-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Portuguese

Alternative forms

a-

Prefix

ad-

ad- (near; at)

Welsh

Alternative forms

at-

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *ate-, from Proto-Celtic *ati-.^[1] from Proto-Indo-European *éti.^[2] Cognate with Cornish as-, English ed-, Latin et (“and”), Sanskrit अति (ati, “over-”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ad/

Prefix

ad-

again, back, re-
Synonym: ail-

‎ad- + ‎llais (“voice”) → ‎adlais (“echo”)

‎ad- + ‎talu (“to pay”) → ‎ad-dalu (“to refund”)

‎ad- + ‎blas (“taste”) → ‎adflas (“aftertaste”)
affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word
‎ad- + ‎cas (“hated, nasty”) → ‎atgas (“hateful, detestable”)

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of *ad-*
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
ad-	unchanged	unchanged	had-

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 156 i (1)
^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 222 i (3)

Ye'kwana

Variant orthographies
ALIV	ad-
Brazilian standard	ad-
New Tribes	ad-

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ad-]

Prefix

ad-

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of adh-

[1] Pages 170‒1 of Cser, András (2020). The phonology of Classical Latin. Transactions of the Philological Society. 118: 1–218.

[2] Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 156 i (1)

[3] Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 222 i (3)

[1]

[1]

[2]

ad-

English

Etymology

Prefix

Derived terms

Translations

References

Anagrams

Catalan

Prefix

Ido

Etymology

Prefix

Derived terms

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

Prefix

See also

References

Lushootseed

Prefix

Luwian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Root

Forms

Old Irish

Etymology

Prefix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Descendants

Mutation

References

Portuguese

Alternative forms

Prefix

Welsh

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Prefix

Derived terms

Mutation

References

Ye'kwana

Pronunciation

Prefix