ad-
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ad"
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin ad-. Doublet of at-.
PrefixEdit
ad-
- (no longer productive) near, at.
- (no longer productive) toward, to, tendency, or addition.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “ad-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
- “ad-”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
AnagramsEdit
CatalanEdit
PrefixEdit
ad-
IdoEdit
EtymologyEdit
Prefix form of ad. Also based on Latin ad-.
PrefixEdit
ad-
- to (indicating that to which there is movement, tendency or position, with or without arrival)
Derived termsEdit
LatinEdit
Alternative formsEdit
For euphony, ad- can assimilate the attached stem's initial consonant, becoming: a- (before sc, sp and st), ac- (before c and q), af- (before f), ag-, al-, ap-, ar-, as-, or at-.
EtymologyEdit
From the Latin preposition ad (“to, towards”), in turn from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”).
PrefixEdit
ad-
- to
- usually prefixed to verbs, in which cases it often has the effect of intensifying the verbal action
See alsoEdit
LushootseedEdit
PrefixEdit
ad-
Old IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Celtic *ad-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include Latin ad and English at.
PrefixEdit
ad-
- to, towards
- in many compounds, it has a purely intensive sense
- augment infix used instead ofro- on verbs whose first prefix iscom- and the stressed syllable starts with a consonant
- con·birt (“you conceived”) + ad- → con·abairt (“you have conceived”) (forms of con·beir)
- con·melt (“(s)he rubbed”) + ad- → con·amailt (“(s)he had rubbed”) (forms of con·meil)
- ·coscrad (“not destroyed”) + ad- → ·comscarad (“had not destroyed”) (past subjunctive prototonic forms of con·scara)
- con·gab (“it contained”) + ad- → con·acab (“it had contained”) (forms of con·gaib)
- *·cotla + ad- → ·comthala (subjunctive forms of con·tuili (“to sleep”))
Usage notesEdit
- ad-, when used as an augment affix, vanishes in prototonic forms due to syncope. However, its presence may be detected via the different syncope patterns between forms augmented with ad- and those that were not.
- In deuterotonic verbs where ad- is the first prefix and the next sound is /t/, the d in the prefix may be dropped in its spelling.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Irish: a- (no longer productive)
MutationEdit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ad- | unchanged | n-ad- |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
ReferencesEdit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ad-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
PortugueseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PrefixEdit
ad-
- ad- (near; at)
WelshEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Brythonic *ate-, from Proto-Celtic *ati-.[1] from Proto-Indo-European *éti.[2] Cognate with Cornish as-, English ed-, Latin et (“and”), Sanskrit अति (ati, “over-”).
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
ad-
Derived termsEdit
MutationEdit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
ad- | unchanged | unchanged | |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 156 i (1)
- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 222 i (3)