ārs

See also: ars, ARs, ARS, árs, and års

Latvian edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Indo-European *ar-, *arə- (“to plow”) (compare Latvian art), whence also the lexicalized variant āre (“open space; cultivated land”) and the verb art (“to plough”).

The adverb ārā (“outside”) is the corresponding locative case form; in 16th- and 17th-century sources an old illative form āran is also used. The original meaning of ārs was thus “ploughed, tilled field.” Cognates include Lithuanian óras (“air; outside; sky; weather”), Hittite [Term?] (/⁠arẖa⁠/, “region, coast; away, outside”), [Term?] (/⁠arẖi-⁠/, “in a plain, in a glade, outside”), Lydian 𐤠𐤠𐤭𐤠 (aara, “fence, fenced area, rural property”), Albanian arë (“field”).^[1]

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [âːɾs]

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Noun edit

ārs m (1st declension)

exterior, outside (the space in the outside of a building, house, etc.)
skraidīt pa āru ― to run outside

āra gaiss slimniecei varēja nākt tikai par labu ― outside air could only be a good thing for the hospital

no āra ienāceji vispirms iekļuva virtuvē, tad mazajā istabiņā ar diviem lodziņiem ― the newcomers from outside first went into the kitchen, then into a little room with two little windows
(chiefly genitive, used adjectivally) external, outside, outer
āra logs ― external, outside window

āra durvis ― outer door
out, outside (of something, some object)
dīvānam vidū bija bedre un dažas atsperes izspiedušās uz āru ― in the middle of the coach there was a hole and several springs were bulging out
(poetic) open space, open, outdoors; cultivated land, fields
āros māsa uzaugusi, / aizved purva maliņā ― (my) sister grew up in the open, / taken away to the edge of the swamp

lūk, zeme zied; viens kūpošs ziedu ārs ― look! the earth is blooming; one hazy field of flowers!

Usage notes edit

The term ārs (“exterior, outside”) is most often used as an adverb, in the locative (ārā), or then in compounds, in the genitive (āra), where it is usually reduced to ār-.

Declension edit

Declension of ārs (1st declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	ārs	—
accusative (akuzatīvs)	āru	—
genitive (ģenitīvs)	āra	—
dative (datīvs)	āram	—
instrumental (instrumentālis)	āru	—
locative (lokatīvs)	ārā	—
vocative (vokatīvs)	ār	—

Synonyms edit

(of "external, outer"): ārējs
(of "outside (of something)"): ārpuse, āriene
(of "open area"; poetic): āre

Antonyms edit

(antonym(s) of "of "(area) outside""): iekša
(antonym(s) of "of "out, outside""): iekšā
(antonym(s) of "of "external, outer""): iekšējs

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Via some other European language, ultimately from French are, formed on the basis of Latin ārea (“open space”) as a (rarely used) SI unit.