макам

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈmakɐm]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *makati.

Verb

ма́кам • (mákam) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective ма́кна) (dialectal)

(transitive) to dip, to soak, to souse
(in culinary) to season, to marinate (bread or meat) in salt, pepper, brine, or another seasoning
Не учи старец как да мака яйца. (idiom)
Ne uči starec kak da maka jajca.
You can't teach an old dog new tricks.
(literally, “Don't teach an old man how to season [scrambled] eggs.”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of ма́кам (conjugation 3, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ма́кащ mákašt	ма́кал, мака́л¹ mákal, makál¹	ма́кал mákal	ма́кан mákan		ма́кайки mákajki
	definite subject form	ма́кащият mákaštijat	ма́калият, мака́лият¹ mákalijat, makálijat¹	—	ма́каният mákanijat
	definite object form	ма́кащия mákaštija	ма́калия, мака́лия¹ mákalija, makálija¹	—	ма́кания mákanija
feminine	indefinite	ма́каща mákašta	ма́кала, мака́ла¹ mákala, makála¹	ма́кала mákala	ма́кана mákana
feminine	definite	ма́кащата mákaštata	ма́калата, мака́лата¹ mákalata, makálata¹	—	ма́каната mákanata
neuter	indefinite	ма́кащо mákašto	ма́кало, мака́ло¹ mákalo, makálo¹	ма́кало mákalo	ма́кано mákano	ма́кане mákane
neuter	definite	ма́кащото mákaštoto	ма́калото, мака́лото¹ mákaloto, makáloto¹	—	ма́каното mákanoto	ма́кането mákaneto
plural	indefinite	ма́кащи mákašti	ма́кали, мака́ли¹ mákali, makáli¹	ма́кали mákali	ма́кани mákani	ма́кания, ма́канета mákanija, mákaneta
plural	definite	ма́кащите mákaštite	ма́калите, мака́лите¹ mákalite, makálite¹	—	ма́каните mákanite	ма́канията, ма́канетата mákanijata, mákanetata

person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		ма́кам mákam	ма́каш mákaš	ма́ка máka	ма́каме mákame	ма́кате mákate	ма́кат mákat
imperfect		ма́ках mákah	ма́каше mákaše	ма́каше mákaše	ма́кахме mákahme	ма́кахте mákahte	ма́каха mákaha
aorist		ма́ках, мака́х¹ mákah, makáh¹	ма́ка, мака́¹ máka, maká¹	ма́ка, мака́¹ máka, maká¹	ма́кахме, мака́хме¹ mákahme, makáhme¹	ма́кахте, мака́хте¹ mákahte, makáhte¹	ма́каха, мака́ха¹ mákaha, makáha¹
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
future	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future in the past	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ма́кал m, ма́кала f, ма́кало n, or ма́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ма́кал m, ма́кала f, ма́кало n, or ма́кали pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ма́кал m, ма́кала f, ма́кало n, or ма́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
conditional		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
imperative			ма́кай mákaj			ма́кайте mákajte

¹Dialectally marked.

Alternative forms

ма́ча (máča) — a/j-conjugation, obsolete

Derived terms

verbs

намакам pf (namakam), намаквам impf (namakvam)
омакам pf (omakam), омаквам impf (omakvam)
помакам pf (pomakam), помаквам impf (pomakvam)
смакам pf (smakam), смаквам impf (smakvam)

nouns

(resultant noun) ма́каница (mákanica)
(instrumental noun) мака́ло (makálo)

Related terms

ма́цам (mácam, “to stain”)
мо́кря (mókrja), мо́ча (móča, “to damp, to wet”) (with short root vocalism)

References

“макам²”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
Nayden Gerov (1899) “ма́камь (да ма́кнѫ, ма́кнувамь)”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 45
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “макам¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 619

Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic, equivalent to ма-а-а (ma-a-a) +‎ -кам (-kam)

Verb

ма́кам • (mákam) first-singular present indicative, impf

(intransitive) to shout, to bellow mah!

Conjugation

Conjugation of ма́кам (conjugation 3, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ма́кащ mákašt	ма́кал, мака́л¹ mákal, makál¹	ма́кал mákal	—		ма́кайки mákajki
	definite subject form	ма́кащият mákaštijat	ма́калият, мака́лият¹ mákalijat, makálijat¹	—	—
	definite object form	ма́кащия mákaštija	ма́калия, мака́лия¹ mákalija, makálija¹	—	—
feminine	indefinite	ма́каща mákašta	ма́кала, мака́ла¹ mákala, makála¹	ма́кала mákala	—
feminine	definite	ма́кащата mákaštata	ма́калата, мака́лата¹ mákalata, makálata¹	—	—
neuter	indefinite	ма́кащо mákašto	ма́кало, мака́ло¹ mákalo, makálo¹	ма́кало mákalo	—	ма́кане mákane
neuter	definite	ма́кащото mákaštoto	ма́калото, мака́лото¹ mákaloto, makáloto¹	—	—	ма́кането mákaneto
plural	indefinite	ма́кащи mákašti	ма́кали, мака́ли¹ mákali, makáli¹	ма́кали mákali	—	ма́кания, ма́канета mákanija, mákaneta
plural	definite	ма́кащите mákaštite	ма́калите, мака́лите¹ mákalite, makálite¹	—	—	ма́канията, ма́канетата mákanijata, mákanetata

person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		ма́кам mákam	ма́каш mákaš	ма́ка máka	ма́каме mákame	ма́кате mákate	ма́кат mákat
imperfect		ма́ках mákah	ма́каше mákaše	ма́каше mákaše	ма́кахме mákahme	ма́кахте mákahte	ма́каха mákaha
aorist		ма́ках, мака́х¹ mákah, makáh¹	ма́ка, мака́¹ máka, maká¹	ма́ка, мака́¹ máka, maká¹	ма́кахме, мака́хме¹ mákahme, makáhme¹	ма́кахте, мака́хте¹ mákahte, makáhte¹	ма́каха, мака́ха¹ mákaha, makáha¹
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
future	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future in the past	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ма́кал m, ма́кала f, ма́кало n, or ма́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ма́кал m, ма́кала f, ма́кало n, or ма́кали pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ма́кал m, ма́кала f, ма́кало n, or ма́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
conditional		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ма́кал/мака́л¹ m, ма́кала/мака́ла¹ f, ма́кало/мака́ло¹ n, or ма́кали/мака́ли¹ pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
imperative			ма́кай mákaj			ма́кайте mákajte

¹Dialectally marked.

Coordinate terms

мекам (mekam)
мукам (mukam), муча (muča)
мякам (mjakam)

References

“макам¹”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “макам²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 619

Russian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈmakəm]

Noun

ма́кам • (mákam) m inan pl

dative plural of мак (mak)