شطرنج

Arabic

شَطْرَنْج

Etymology

From Early Classical Persian چَتْرَنگ (čatrang), from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”), from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga).

Noun

شِطْرَنْج or شَطْرَنْج • (šiṭranj or šaṭranj) m

1. shatranj
2. chess

Declension

Declension of noun شِطْرَنْج (šiṭranj)‎; شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شِطْرَنْج‎; شَطْرَنْج šiṭranj‎; šaṭranj	الشِّطْرَنْج‎; الشَّطْرَنْج aš-šiṭranj‎; aš-šaṭranj	شِطْرَنْج‎; شَطْرَنْج šiṭranj‎; šaṭranj
nominative	شِطْرَنْجٌ‎; شَطْرَنْجٌ šiṭranjun‎; šaṭranjun	الشِّطْرَنْجُ‎; الشَّطْرَنْجُ aš-šiṭranju‎; aš-šaṭranju	شِطْرَنْجُ‎; شَطْرَنْجُ šiṭranju‎; šaṭranju
accusative	شِطْرَنْجًا‎; شَطْرَنْجًا šiṭranjan‎; šaṭranjan	الشِّطْرَنْجَ‎; الشَّطْرَنْجَ aš-šiṭranja‎; aš-šaṭranja	شِطْرَنْجَ‎; شَطْرَنْجَ šiṭranja‎; šaṭranja
genitive	شِطْرَنْجٍ‎; شَطْرَنْجٍ šiṭranjin‎; šaṭranjin	الشِّطْرَنْجِ‎; الشَّطْرَنْجِ aš-šiṭranji‎; aš-šaṭranji	شِطْرَنْجِ‎; شَطْرَنْجِ šiṭranji‎; šaṭranji

Descendants

• Andalusian Arabic: شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj)
  • → Aragonese: axedrez
  • → Asturian: axedrez
  • → Mirandese: xadreç
  • → Old Galician-Portuguese: axadrez, enxadrez
    • Galician: xadrez
    • Portuguese: xadrez
  • → Old Spanish: axedrez, acedrej, acedrex, acedreyx, açedrex, axadrez, axedres, exedres, xedrez
    • Spanish: ajedrez
      • → Bikol Central: ahedres
      • → Cebuano: ahedres
      • → Hiligaynon: ahedres
      • → Tagalog: ahedres
• → Amharic: ሰንጠረዥ (sänṭäräž)
• → English: shatranj
• → Middle Armenian: սատրինճ (satrinč), սաթրինճ (satʻrinč), սատրիճ (satrič)
  • Armenian: սատրինջ (satrinǰ)
• → Persian: شطرنج (šatranj)
  • → Azerbaijani: satranc
  • → Gujarati: શેતરંજ (śetrañj)
  • → Hindi: शतरंज (śatrañj)
  • → Odia: ସତରଞ୍ଜ (satarañja)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: شطرنج (şatranc)
    • Turkish: satranç
  • → Punjabi: ਸ਼ਤਰੰਜ (śatrañj)
  • Tajik: шатранҷ (šatranj)
• → Russian: шатра́ндж (šatrándž)
• → Swahili: sataranji

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj). Hyperforeignized to French phonology by some speakers.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃa.tˤa.ranʒ/ [ʃɑ.tˤɑ.ˈɾɑnʒ]
• (hyperforeign) IPA^(key): /ʃa.tˤa.rõːʒ/ [ʃɑ.tˤɑ.ˈɾɒ̃ːʒ]

Noun

شطرنج • (šaṭaranj, šaṭarō̃j) m

1. chess

Persian

Alternative forms

• چَترَنگ (čatrang) (directly from Middle Persian)

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj, “shatranj, chess”), from Early Classical Persian چَتْرَنْگ (čatrang), from Middle Persian [script needed] (ctlng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”), from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʃat.ˈɾand͡ʒ/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃät̪.ɾǽnd͡ʒ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃät̪.ɾǽnd͡ʒ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃät̪.ɾǽnd͡ʒ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃät̪.ɾǽnd͡ʒ̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃæt̪.ɹǽnd͡ʒ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃät̪.ɾǽnd͡ʒ]

Readings
Classical reading?	šatranj
Dari reading?	šatranj
Iranian reading?	šatranj
Tajik reading?	šatranj

Noun

Dari	شطرنج
Iranian Persian
Tajik	шатранҷ

شَطْرَنْج • (šatranj)

1. shatranj

   بازیِ شَطْرَنْج ― bâzi-ye šatranj ― a game of chess

2. chess

See also

Chess pieces in Persian · مهره‌های شطرنج (mohre-hâye šatranj) (layout · text)
شاه (šâh)	وزیر (vazir), فرزین (farzin)	رخ (rox), قلعه (qal'e)	فیل (fil)	اسب (asb)	پیاده (piyâde), سرباز (sarbâz)

Punjabi

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /ʃə.ˈt̪rənd͡ʒᵊ/
• Rhymes: -ənd͡ʒ

Noun

شَطرَنج • (śat̤ranj) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ਤਰੰਜ)

1. chess
2. shatranj

Declension

Declension of شطرنج

	singular	plural
direct	شَطرَنج (śat̤ranj)	شَطرَنج (śat̤ranj)
oblique	شَطرَنج (śat̤ranj)	شَطرَنجاں (śat̤ranjāṉ)
vocative	شَطرَنجا (śat̤ranjā)	شَطرَنجو (śat̤ranjo)
ablative	شَطرَنجوں (śat̤ranjoṉ)	شَطرَنجاں (śat̤ranjāṉ)
locative	شَطرَنجے (śat̤ranje)	شَطرَنجِیں (śat̤ranjīṉ)
instrumental	شَطرَنجوں (śat̤ranjoṉ)	–

Synonyms

• چَیسّ (caiss)

References

• “ਸ਼ਤਰੰਜ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃatˤ.ranʒ/, [ʃɑtˤˈrˤɑnʒ]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

شطرنج • (šaṭranj) m

1. chess

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شطرنج (šaṭranj), from Early Classical Persian چَتْرَنْگ (čatrang), from Middle Persian [script needed] (ctlng /⁠čatrang⁠/, “chess”), from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga, “four parts of an army: king, elephants, horses, foot soldiers”).

Noun

شطرنج • (šatranj) f (Hindi spelling शतरंज)

1. shatranj
2. chess