رخ

See also: رح

Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): /rax.xa/

Verb

رَخَّ • (raḵḵa) I, non-past يَرُخُّ‎ (yaruḵḵu)

1. to dilute, to mix with water
2. to break or crush so as to make soft

Conjugation

Conjugation of

رَخَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal noun رَخّ)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						رَخّ raḵḵ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						رَاخّ rāḵḵ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَرْخُوخ marḵūḵ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رَخَخْتُ raḵaḵtu	رَخَخْتَ raḵaḵta	رَخَّ raḵḵa		رَخَخْتُمَا raḵaḵtumā	رَخَّا raḵḵā		رَخَخْنَا raḵaḵnā	رَخَخْتُمْ raḵaḵtum	رَخُّوا raḵḵū
	f		رَخَخْتِ raḵaḵti	رَخَّتْ raḵḵat			رَخَّتَا raḵḵatā			رَخَخْتُنَّ raḵaḵtunna	رَخَخْنَ raḵaḵna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَرُخُّ ʔaruḵḵu	تَرُخُّ taruḵḵu	يَرُخُّ yaruḵḵu		تَرُخَّانِ taruḵḵāni	يَرُخَّانِ yaruḵḵāni		نَرُخُّ naruḵḵu	تَرُخُّونَ taruḵḵūna	يَرُخُّونَ yaruḵḵūna
	f		تَرُخِّينَ taruḵḵīna	تَرُخُّ taruḵḵu			تَرُخَّانِ taruḵḵāni			تَرْخُخْنَ tarḵuḵna	يَرْخُخْنَ yarḵuḵna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَرُخَّ ʔaruḵḵa	تَرُخَّ taruḵḵa	يَرُخَّ yaruḵḵa		تَرُخَّا taruḵḵā	يَرُخَّا yaruḵḵā		نَرُخَّ naruḵḵa	تَرُخُّوا taruḵḵū	يَرُخُّوا yaruḵḵū
	f		تَرُخِّي taruḵḵī	تَرُخَّ taruḵḵa			تَرُخَّا taruḵḵā			تَرْخُخْنَ tarḵuḵna	يَرْخُخْنَ yarḵuḵna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَرُخَّ or أَرُخِّ or أَرْخُخْ ʔaruḵḵa or ʔaruḵḵi or ʔarḵuḵ	تَرُخَّ or تَرُخِّ or تَرْخُخْ taruḵḵa or taruḵḵi or tarḵuḵ	يَرُخَّ or يَرُخِّ or يَرْخُخْ yaruḵḵa or yaruḵḵi or yarḵuḵ		تَرُخَّا taruḵḵā	يَرُخَّا yaruḵḵā		نَرُخَّ or نَرُخِّ or نَرْخُخْ naruḵḵa or naruḵḵi or narḵuḵ	تَرُخُّوا taruḵḵū	يَرُخُّوا yaruḵḵū
	f		تَرُخِّي taruḵḵī	تَرُخَّ or تَرُخِّ or تَرْخُخْ taruḵḵa or taruḵḵi or tarḵuḵ			تَرُخَّا taruḵḵā			تَرْخُخْنَ tarḵuḵna	يَرْخُخْنَ yarḵuḵna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		رُخَّ or رُخِّ or اُرْخُخْ ruḵḵa or ruḵḵi or urḵuḵ			رُخَّا ruḵḵā				رُخُّوا ruḵḵū
	f		رُخِّي ruḵḵī							اُرْخُخْنَ urḵuḵna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رُخِخْتُ ruḵiḵtu	رُخِخْتَ ruḵiḵta	رُخَّ ruḵḵa		رُخِخْتُمَا ruḵiḵtumā	رُخَّا ruḵḵā		رُخِخْنَا ruḵiḵnā	رُخِخْتُمْ ruḵiḵtum	رُخُّوا ruḵḵū
	f		رُخِخْتِ ruḵiḵti	رُخَّتْ ruḵḵat			رُخَّتَا ruḵḵatā			رُخِخْتُنَّ ruḵiḵtunna	رُخِخْنَ ruḵiḵna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُرَخُّ ʔuraḵḵu	تُرَخُّ turaḵḵu	يُرَخُّ yuraḵḵu		تُرَخَّانِ turaḵḵāni	يُرَخَّانِ yuraḵḵāni		نُرَخُّ nuraḵḵu	تُرَخُّونَ turaḵḵūna	يُرَخُّونَ yuraḵḵūna
	f		تُرَخِّينَ turaḵḵīna	تُرَخُّ turaḵḵu			تُرَخَّانِ turaḵḵāni			تُرْخَخْنَ turḵaḵna	يُرْخَخْنَ yurḵaḵna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُرَخَّ ʔuraḵḵa	تُرَخَّ turaḵḵa	يُرَخَّ yuraḵḵa		تُرَخَّا turaḵḵā	يُرَخَّا yuraḵḵā		نُرَخَّ nuraḵḵa	تُرَخُّوا turaḵḵū	يُرَخُّوا yuraḵḵū
	f		تُرَخِّي turaḵḵī	تُرَخَّ turaḵḵa			تُرَخَّا turaḵḵā			تُرْخَخْنَ turḵaḵna	يُرْخَخْنَ yurḵaḵna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُرَخَّ or أُرَخِّ or أُرْخَخْ ʔuraḵḵa or ʔuraḵḵi or ʔurḵaḵ	تُرَخَّ or تُرَخِّ or تُرْخَخْ turaḵḵa or turaḵḵi or turḵaḵ	يُرَخَّ or يُرَخِّ or يُرْخَخْ yuraḵḵa or yuraḵḵi or yurḵaḵ		تُرَخَّا turaḵḵā	يُرَخَّا yuraḵḵā		نُرَخَّ or نُرَخِّ or نُرْخَخْ nuraḵḵa or nuraḵḵi or nurḵaḵ	تُرَخُّوا turaḵḵū	يُرَخُّوا yuraḵḵū
	f		تُرَخِّي turaḵḵī	تُرَخَّ or تُرَخِّ or تُرْخَخْ turaḵḵa or turaḵḵi or turḵaḵ			تُرَخَّا turaḵḵā			تُرْخَخْنَ turḵaḵna	يُرْخَخْنَ yurḵaḵna

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): /raxx/

Noun

رَخّ • (raḵḵ) m (collective, singulative رَخَّة f (raḵḵa))

1. light shower

Declension

Declension of noun رَخّ (raḵḵ)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَخّ raḵḵ	الرَّخّ ar-raḵḵ	رَخّ raḵḵ
Nominative	رَخٌّ raḵḵun	الرَّخُّ ar-raḵḵu	رَخُّ raḵḵu
Accusative	رَخًّا raḵḵan	الرَّخَّ ar-raḵḵa	رَخَّ raḵḵa
Genitive	رَخٍّ raḵḵin	الرَّخِّ ar-raḵḵi	رَخِّ raḵḵi
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَخَّة raḵḵa	الرَّخَّة ar-raḵḵa	رَخَّة raḵḵat
Nominative	رَخَّةٌ raḵḵatun	الرَّخَّةُ ar-raḵḵatu	رَخَّةُ raḵḵatu
Accusative	رَخَّةً raḵḵatan	الرَّخَّةَ ar-raḵḵata	رَخَّةَ raḵḵata
Genitive	رَخَّةٍ raḵḵatin	الرَّخَّةِ ar-raḵḵati	رَخَّةِ raḵḵati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَخَّتَيْن raḵḵatayn	الرَّخَّتَيْن ar-raḵḵatayn	رَخَّتَيْ raḵḵatay
Nominative	رَخَّتَانِ raḵḵatāni	الرَّخَّتَانِ ar-raḵḵatāni	رَخَّتَا raḵḵatā
Accusative	رَخَّتَيْنِ raḵḵatayni	الرَّخَّتَيْنِ ar-raḵḵatayni	رَخَّتَيْ raḵḵatay
Genitive	رَخَّتَيْنِ raḵḵatayni	الرَّخَّتَيْنِ ar-raḵḵatayni	رَخَّتَيْ raḵḵatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَخَّات raḵḵāt	الرَّخَّات ar-raḵḵāt	رَخَّات raḵḵāt
Nominative	رَخَّاتٌ raḵḵātun	الرَّخَّاتُ ar-raḵḵātu	رَخَّاتُ raḵḵātu
Accusative	رَخَّاتٍ raḵḵātin	الرَّخَّاتِ ar-raḵḵāti	رَخَّاتِ raḵḵāti
Genitive	رَخَّاتٍ raḵḵātin	الرَّخَّاتِ ar-raḵḵāti	رَخَّاتِ raḵḵāti

Noun

رَخّ • (raḵḵ) m

1. verbal noun of رَخَّ (raḵḵa) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun رَخّ (raḵḵ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَخّ raḵḵ	الرَّخّ ar-raḵḵ	رَخّ raḵḵ
Nominative	رَخٌّ raḵḵun	الرَّخُّ ar-raḵḵu	رَخُّ raḵḵu
Accusative	رَخًّا raḵḵan	الرَّخَّ ar-raḵḵa	رَخَّ raḵḵa
Genitive	رَخٍّ raḵḵin	الرَّخِّ ar-raḵḵi	رَخِّ raḵḵi

Adjective

رَخّ • (raḵḵ)

1. soft, relaxed, irresolute

Declension

Declension of adjective رَخّ (raḵḵ)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	رَخّ raḵḵ	الرَّخّ ar-raḵḵ	رَخَّة raḵḵa	الرَّخَّة ar-raḵḵa
Nominative	رَخٌّ raḵḵun	الرَّخُّ ar-raḵḵu	رَخَّةٌ raḵḵatun	الرَّخَّةُ ar-raḵḵatu
Accusative	رَخًّا raḵḵan	الرَّخَّ ar-raḵḵa	رَخَّةً raḵḵatan	الرَّخَّةَ ar-raḵḵata
Genitive	رَخٍّ raḵḵin	الرَّخِّ ar-raḵḵi	رَخَّةٍ raḵḵatin	الرَّخَّةِ ar-raḵḵati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	رَخَّيْن raḵḵayn	الرَّخَّيْن ar-raḵḵayn	رَخَّتَيْن raḵḵatayn	الرَّخَّتَيْن ar-raḵḵatayn
Nominative	رَخَّانِ raḵḵāni	الرَّخَّانِ ar-raḵḵāni	رَخَّتَانِ raḵḵatāni	الرَّخَّتَانِ ar-raḵḵatāni
Accusative	رَخَّيْنِ raḵḵayni	الرَّخَّيْنِ ar-raḵḵayni	رَخَّتَيْنِ raḵḵatayni	الرَّخَّتَيْنِ ar-raḵḵatayni
Genitive	رَخَّيْنِ raḵḵayni	الرَّخَّيْنِ ar-raḵḵayni	رَخَّتَيْنِ raḵḵatayni	الرَّخَّتَيْنِ ar-raḵḵatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	—		—
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	—	—	—	—
Nominative	—	—	—	—
Accusative	—	—	—	—
Genitive	—	—	—	—

Etymology 2

From Persian رخ (roxx).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ruxx/

Noun

رُخّ • (ruḵḵ) m (plural رِخَاخ (riḵāḵ) or رِخَخَة (riḵaḵa))

1. (chess) castle, rook

Declension

Declension of noun رُخّ (ruḵḵ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رُخّ ruḵḵ	الرُّخّ ar-ruḵḵ	رُخّ ruḵḵ
Nominative	رُخٌّ ruḵḵun	الرُّخُّ ar-ruḵḵu	رُخُّ ruḵḵu
Accusative	رُخًّا ruḵḵan	الرُّخَّ ar-ruḵḵa	رُخَّ ruḵḵa
Genitive	رُخٍّ ruḵḵin	الرُّخِّ ar-ruḵḵi	رُخِّ ruḵḵi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رُخَّيْن ruḵḵayn	الرُّخَّيْن ar-ruḵḵayn	رُخَّيْ ruḵḵay
Nominative	رُخَّانِ ruḵḵāni	الرُّخَّانِ ar-ruḵḵāni	رُخَّا ruḵḵā
Accusative	رُخَّيْنِ ruḵḵayni	الرُّخَّيْنِ ar-ruḵḵayni	رُخَّيْ ruḵḵay
Genitive	رُخَّيْنِ ruḵḵayni	الرُّخَّيْنِ ar-ruḵḵayni	رُخَّيْ ruḵḵay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رِخَاخ‎; رِخَخَة riḵāḵ‎; riḵaḵa	الرِّخَاخ‎; الرِّخَخَة ar-riḵāḵ‎; ar-riḵaḵa	رِخَاخ‎; رِخَخَة riḵāḵ‎; riḵaḵat
Nominative	رِخَاخٌ‎; رِخَخَةٌ riḵāḵun‎; riḵaḵatun	الرِّخَاخُ‎; الرِّخَخَةُ ar-riḵāḵu‎; ar-riḵaḵatu	رِخَاخُ‎; رِخَخَةُ riḵāḵu‎; riḵaḵatu
Accusative	رِخَاخًا‎; رِخَخَةً riḵāḵan‎; riḵaḵatan	الرِّخَاخَ‎; الرِّخَخَةَ ar-riḵāḵa‎; ar-riḵaḵata	رِخَاخَ‎; رِخَخَةَ riḵāḵa‎; riḵaḵata
Genitive	رِخَاخٍ‎; رِخَخَةٍ riḵāḵin‎; riḵaḵatin	الرِّخَاخِ‎; الرِّخَخَةِ ar-riḵāḵi‎; ar-riḵaḵati	رِخَاخِ‎; رِخَخَةِ riḵāḵi‎; riḵaḵati

Synonyms

• طَابِيَة (ṭābiya, “fortress, castle”)
• قلعَة

Descendants

• → Catalan: roc
• → Spanish: roque
• → Old French: roc
  • Middle French: roc
    • French: roc
  • → Middle English: rook
    • English: rook
      • → Japanese: ルーク (rūku)
      • → Korean: 룩 (ruk)

Etymology 3

From Persian رخ (rox).

Noun

رُخّ • (ruḵḵ) m

1. roc (mythical bird)

Declension

Declension of noun رُخّ (ruḵḵ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رُخّ ruḵḵ	الرُّخّ ar-ruḵḵ	رُخّ ruḵḵ
Nominative	رُخٌّ ruḵḵun	الرُّخُّ ar-ruḵḵu	رُخُّ ruḵḵu
Accusative	رُخًّا ruḵḵan	الرُّخَّ ar-ruḵḵa	رُخَّ ruḵḵa
Genitive	رُخٍّ ruḵḵin	الرُّخِّ ar-ruḵḵi	رُخِّ ruḵḵi

Descendants

• → Catalan: roc
• → Spanish: rocho, ruc
  • → English: roc

See also

Chess pieces in Arabic · (layout · text)
شَاه (šāh)	وَزِير (wazīr)	رُخّ (ruḵḵ)	فِيل (fīl)	حِصَان (ḥiṣān)	بَيْدَق (baydaq) – جُنْدِيّ (jundiyy)

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “رخ”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 384
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “رخ”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate, page 1058
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “رخ”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen, page 407

Persian

Etymology 1

Cognate with Yagnobi рах (rax).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɾux]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [rʊx]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [rʊx]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [rʊx]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [rux]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɹox]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɾuχ]

Readings
Classical reading?	rux
Dari reading?	rux
Iranian reading?	rox
Tajik reading?	rux

Noun

رُخ • (rox)

1. face, cheek
2. countenance
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3724:

     آن خدو زد بر رخی که روی ماه
     سجده آرد پیش او در سجده‌‌گاه

     ān xadū zad bar rux-ē ki rōy-i māh
     sajda ārd piš-i ō dar sajda-gāh

     He spat on the countenance before which the face of the moon
     bows low in the place of worship.

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”). Possibly cognate with Sanskrit रथ (ratha, “chariot”).

Noun

رُخ • (rox)

1. (chess) rook

Descendants

• → Arabic: رُخّ (ruḵḵ)
  • → Catalan: roc
  • → Spanish: roque
  • → Old French: roc
    • Middle French: roc
      • French: roc
    • → Middle English: rook
      • English: rook
        • → Japanese: ルーク (rūku)
        • → Korean: 룩 (ruk)
• → Georgian: როქი (roki)
• → Italian: rocco
• → Ottoman Turkish: رخ
• → Urdu: رخ (rux)

See also

Chess pieces in Persian · مهره‌های شطرنج (mohre-hâye šatranj) (layout · text)
شاه (šâh)	وزیر (vazir)	رخ (rox), قلعه (qal'e)	فیل (fil)	اسب (asb)	پیاده (piyâde), سرباز (sarbâz)

References

• Hastings (1855): British Miscellany and Chess Player's Chronicle, Volume 16, p. 44
• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “رخ”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian رخ (rux).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɾʊx/

Noun

رُخ • (rux) m (Hindi spelling रुख़)

1. face, cheek

   Synonyms: چہرہ (cehrā), گال (gāl), منہ (mũh)

2. appearance, countenance

   Synonyms: صورت (sūrat), شکل (śakl)

   رخ بدلنا ― rux badalnā ― to change countenance; to become angry or displeased

3. direction, attention

   Synonyms: سمت (samt), دھیان (dhyān)

   رخ بدلنا ― rux badalnā ― to turn away; to change the direction of one's face; to reject; to be inattentive

4. (chess) rook

See also

Chess pieces in Urdu · مہرے کے شطرنج (śatranj ke muhre) (layout · text)
بَادْشَاہ (bādśāh)	وَزِیر (vazīr)	رُخ (rux)	فِیلَہ (fīla)	گھوڑا (ghoṛā)	پِیَادَہ (piyāda)

References

• “رخ”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “رخ”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.