نذر
ArabicEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From the root ن ذ ر (n-ḏ-r). Akin to Aramaic נִדְרָא (niḏrā), Classical Syriac ܢܕܪܐ (neḏrā), Hebrew נֶדֶר (néḏer), Punic 𐤍𐤃𐤓 (ndr) and Ugaritic 𐎐𐎄𐎗 (ndr). It is argued that the sense vow is influenced from Jewish and Christian usage in Aramaic and Hebrew, the sense of “warning” as in أَنْذَرَ (ʾanḏara) and its verbal noun نُذُر (nuḏur) being more particular to Arabic, so the original meaning of the base stem needs to have been “to take heed”.
VerbEdit
نَذَرَ • (naḏara) I, non-past يَنْذُرُ or يَنْذِرُ (yanḏuru or yanḏiru)
- to vow, to pledge
-
- إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ صَوْمًا فَلَنْ أُكَلِّمَ الْيَوْمَ إِنسِيًّا
- Lo! I have vowed a fast unto the Beneficent, and may not speak today to any mortal.
-
ConjugationEdit
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
نَذْر or نُذُور naḏr or nuḏūr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
nāḏir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
manḏūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | naḏartu |
naḏarta |
نَذَرَ naḏara |
naḏartumā |
naḏarā |
naḏarnā |
naḏartum |
naḏarū | |||
f | naḏarti |
naḏarat |
naḏaratā |
naḏartunna |
naḏarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʾanḏuru or ʾanḏiru |
tanḏuru or tanḏiru |
yanḏuru or yanḏiru |
تَنْذُرَانِ or تَنْذِرَانِ tanḏurāni or tanḏirāni |
يَنْذُرَانِ or يَنْذِرَانِ yanḏurāni or yanḏirāni |
nanḏuru or nanḏiru |
تَنْذُرُونَ or تَنْذِرُونَ tanḏurūna or tanḏirūna |
يَنْذُرُونَ or يَنْذِرُونَ yanḏurūna or yanḏirūna | |||
f | تَنْذُرِينَ or تَنْذِرِينَ tanḏurīna or tanḏirīna |
tanḏuru or tanḏiru |
تَنْذُرَانِ or تَنْذِرَانِ tanḏurāni or tanḏirāni |
تَنْذُرْنَ or تَنْذِرْنَ tanḏurna or tanḏirna |
يَنْذُرْنَ or يَنْذِرْنَ yanḏurna or yanḏirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾanḏura or ʾanḏira |
tanḏura or tanḏira |
yanḏura or yanḏira |
tanḏurā or tanḏirā |
yanḏurā or yanḏirā |
nanḏura or nanḏira |
تَنْذُرُوا or تَنْذِرُوا tanḏurū or tanḏirū |
يَنْذُرُوا or يَنْذِرُوا yanḏurū or yanḏirū | |||
f | tanḏurī or tanḏirī |
tanḏura or tanḏira |
tanḏurā or tanḏirā |
تَنْذُرْنَ or تَنْذِرْنَ tanḏurna or tanḏirna |
يَنْذُرْنَ or يَنْذِرْنَ yanḏurna or yanḏirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾanḏur or ʾanḏir |
tanḏur or tanḏir |
yanḏur or yanḏir |
tanḏurā or tanḏirā |
yanḏurā or yanḏirā |
nanḏur or nanḏir |
تَنْذُرُوا or تَنْذِرُوا tanḏurū or tanḏirū |
يَنْذُرُوا or يَنْذِرُوا yanḏurū or yanḏirū | |||
f | tanḏurī or tanḏirī |
tanḏur or tanḏir |
tanḏurā or tanḏirā |
تَنْذُرْنَ or تَنْذِرْنَ tanḏurna or tanḏirna |
يَنْذُرْنَ or يَنْذِرْنَ yanḏurna or yanḏirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | unḏur or inḏir |
unḏurā or inḏirā |
اُنْذُرُوا or اِنْذِرُوا unḏurū or inḏirū |
||||||||
f | unḏurī or inḏirī |
اُنْذُرْنَ or اِنْذِرْنَ unḏurna or inḏirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | nuḏirtu |
nuḏirta |
نُذِرَ nuḏira |
nuḏirtumā |
nuḏirā |
nuḏirnā |
nuḏirtum |
nuḏirū | |||
f | nuḏirti |
nuḏirat |
nuḏiratā |
nuḏirtunna |
nuḏirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʾunḏaru |
tunḏaru |
yunḏaru |
tunḏarāni |
yunḏarāni |
nunḏaru |
tunḏarūna |
yunḏarūna | |||
f | tunḏarīna |
tunḏaru |
tunḏarāni |
tunḏarna |
yunḏarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾunḏara |
tunḏara |
yunḏara |
tunḏarā |
yunḏarā |
nunḏara |
tunḏarū |
yunḏarū | |||
f | tunḏarī |
tunḏara |
tunḏarā |
tunḏarna |
yunḏarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾunḏar |
tunḏar |
yunḏar |
tunḏarā |
yunḏarā |
nunḏar |
tunḏarū |
yunḏarū | |||
f | tunḏarī |
tunḏar |
tunḏarā |
tunḏarna |
yunḏarna |
VerbEdit
نَذِرَ • (naḏira) I, non-past يَنْذَرُ (yanḏaru)
- to see the danger, to see through the intentions of an enemy and be on one's guard
ConjugationEdit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
نَذَر naḏar | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
nāḏir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
manḏūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | naḏirtu |
naḏirta |
نَذِرَ naḏira |
naḏirtumā |
naḏirā |
naḏirnā |
naḏirtum |
naḏirū | |||
f | naḏirti |
naḏirat |
naḏiratā |
naḏirtunna |
naḏirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʾanḏaru |
tanḏaru |
yanḏaru |
tanḏarāni |
yanḏarāni |
nanḏaru |
tanḏarūna |
yanḏarūna | |||
f | tanḏarīna |
tanḏaru |
tanḏarāni |
tanḏarna |
yanḏarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾanḏara |
tanḏara |
yanḏara |
tanḏarā |
yanḏarā |
nanḏara |
tanḏarū |
yanḏarū | |||
f | tanḏarī |
tanḏara |
tanḏarā |
tanḏarna |
yanḏarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾanḏar |
tanḏar |
yanḏar |
tanḏarā |
yanḏarā |
nanḏar |
tanḏarū |
yanḏarū | |||
f | tanḏarī |
tanḏar |
tanḏarā |
tanḏarna |
yanḏarna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | inḏar |
inḏarā |
inḏarū |
||||||||
f | inḏarī |
inḏarna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | نُذِرَ nuḏira |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yunḏaru |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yunḏara |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yunḏar |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
VerbEdit
نَذَّرَ • (naḏḏara) II, non-past يُنَذِّرُ (yunaḏḏiru)
ConjugationEdit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
tanḏīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
munaḏḏir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
munaḏḏar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | naḏḏartu |
naḏḏarta |
نَذَّرَ naḏḏara |
naḏḏartumā |
naḏḏarā |
naḏḏarnā |
naḏḏartum |
naḏḏarū | |||
f | naḏḏarti |
naḏḏarat |
naḏḏaratā |
naḏḏartunna |
naḏḏarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʾunaḏḏiru |
tunaḏḏiru |
yunaḏḏiru |
tunaḏḏirāni |
yunaḏḏirāni |
nunaḏḏiru |
tunaḏḏirūna |
yunaḏḏirūna | |||
f | tunaḏḏirīna |
tunaḏḏiru |
tunaḏḏirāni |
tunaḏḏirna |
yunaḏḏirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾunaḏḏira |
tunaḏḏira |
yunaḏḏira |
tunaḏḏirā |
yunaḏḏirā |
nunaḏḏira |
tunaḏḏirū |
yunaḏḏirū | |||
f | tunaḏḏirī |
tunaḏḏira |
tunaḏḏirā |
tunaḏḏirna |
yunaḏḏirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾunaḏḏir |
tunaḏḏir |
yunaḏḏir |
tunaḏḏirā |
yunaḏḏirā |
nunaḏḏir |
tunaḏḏirū |
yunaḏḏirū | |||
f | tunaḏḏirī |
tunaḏḏir |
tunaḏḏirā |
tunaḏḏirna |
yunaḏḏirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | نَذِّرْ naḏḏir |
naḏḏirā |
naḏḏirū |
||||||||
f | naḏḏirī |
naḏḏirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | nuḏḏirtu |
nuḏḏirta |
نُذِّرَ nuḏḏira |
nuḏḏirtumā |
nuḏḏirā |
nuḏḏirnā |
nuḏḏirtum |
nuḏḏirū | |||
f | nuḏḏirti |
nuḏḏirat |
nuḏḏiratā |
nuḏḏirtunna |
nuḏḏirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʾunaḏḏaru |
tunaḏḏaru |
yunaḏḏaru |
tunaḏḏarāni |
yunaḏḏarāni |
nunaḏḏaru |
tunaḏḏarūna |
yunaḏḏarūna | |||
f | tunaḏḏarīna |
tunaḏḏaru |
tunaḏḏarāni |
tunaḏḏarna |
yunaḏḏarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾunaḏḏara |
tunaḏḏara |
yunaḏḏara |
tunaḏḏarā |
yunaḏḏarā |
nunaḏḏara |
tunaḏḏarū |
yunaḏḏarū | |||
f | tunaḏḏarī |
tunaḏḏara |
tunaḏḏarā |
tunaḏḏarna |
yunaḏḏarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾunaḏḏar |
tunaḏḏar |
yunaḏḏar |
tunaḏḏarā |
yunaḏḏarā |
nunaḏḏar |
tunaḏḏarū |
yunaḏḏarū | |||
f | tunaḏḏarī |
tunaḏḏar |
tunaḏḏarā |
tunaḏḏarna |
yunaḏḏarna |
NounEdit
نَذْر • (naḏr) m (plural نُذُور (nuḏūr) or نُذُر (nuḏur))
- verbal noun of نَذَرَ (naḏara, “to vow, to warn”) (form I)
DeclensionEdit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | نَذْر naḏr |
النَّذْر an-naḏr |
نَذْر naḏr |
Nominative | نَذْرٌ naḏrun |
النَّذْرُ an-naḏru |
نَذْرُ naḏru |
Accusative | نَذْرًا naḏran |
النَّذْرَ an-naḏra |
نَذْرَ naḏra |
Genitive | نَذْرٍ naḏrin |
النَّذْرِ an-naḏri |
نَذْرِ naḏri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | نَذْرَيْن naḏrayn |
النَّذْرَيْن an-naḏrayn |
نَذْرَيْ naḏray |
Nominative | نَذْرَانِ naḏrāni |
النَّذْرَانِ an-naḏrāni |
نَذْرَا naḏrā |
Accusative | نَذْرَيْنِ naḏrayni |
النَّذْرَيْنِ an-naḏrayni |
نَذْرَيْ naḏray |
Genitive | نَذْرَيْنِ naḏrayni |
النَّذْرَيْنِ an-naḏrayni |
نَذْرَيْ naḏray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | نُذُور; نُذُر nuḏūr; nuḏur |
النُّذُور; النُّذُر an-nuḏūr; an-nuḏur |
نُذُور; نُذُر nuḏūr; nuḏur |
Nominative | نُذُورٌ; نُذُرٌ nuḏūrun; nuḏurun |
النُّذُورُ; النُّذُرُ an-nuḏūru; an-nuḏuru |
نُذُورُ; نُذُرُ nuḏūru; nuḏuru |
Accusative | نُذُورًا; نُذُرًا nuḏūran; nuḏuran |
النُّذُورَ; النُّذُرَ an-nuḏūra; an-nuḏura |
نُذُورَ; نُذُرَ nuḏūra; nuḏura |
Genitive | نُذُورٍ; نُذُرٍ nuḏūrin; nuḏurin |
النُّذُورِ; النُّذُرِ an-nuḏūri; an-nuḏuri |
نُذُورِ; نُذُرِ nuḏūri; nuḏuri |
DescendantsEdit
NounEdit
نُذْر or نُذُر or نَذْر • (nuḏr or nuḏur or naḏr) m
- warning, admonition, threat, irregular verbal noun of أَنْذَرَ (ʾanḏara) (form IV)
-
- وَلَقَدْ جَاءَ آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ النُّذُرُ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا
- walaqad jāʾa ʾāla firʿawna n-nuḏuru kaḏḏabū biʾāyātinā
- And warning came to the house of the Pharaoh that they reproved.
-
DeclensionEdit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | نُذْر; نُذُر; نَذْر nuḏr; nuḏur; naḏr |
النُّذْر; النُّذُر; النَّذْر an-nuḏr; an-nuḏur; an-naḏr |
نُذْر; نُذُر; نَذْر nuḏr; nuḏur; naḏr |
Nominative | نُذْرٌ; نُذُرٌ; نَذْرٌ nuḏrun; nuḏurun; naḏrun |
النُّذْرُ; النُّذُرُ; النَّذْرُ an-nuḏru; an-nuḏuru; an-naḏru |
نُذْرُ; نُذُرُ; نَذْرُ nuḏru; nuḏuru; naḏru |
Accusative | نُذْرًا; نُذُرًا; نَذْرًا nuḏran; nuḏuran; naḏran |
النُّذْرَ; النُّذُرَ; النَّذْرَ an-nuḏra; an-nuḏura; an-naḏra |
نُذْرَ; نُذُرَ; نَذْرَ nuḏra; nuḏura; naḏra |
Genitive | نُذْرٍ; نُذُرٍ; نَذْرٍ nuḏrin; nuḏurin; naḏrin |
النُّذْرِ; النُّذُرِ; النَّذْرِ an-nuḏri; an-nuḏuri; an-naḏri |
نُذْرِ; نُذُرِ; نَذْرِ nuḏri; nuḏuri; naḏri |
NounEdit
نُذُر • (nuḏur) pl
NounEdit
نَذَر • (naḏar) m
- verbal noun of نَذِرَ (naḏira) (form I)
DeclensionEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Ahrens, Karl (1930), “Christliches im Qoran. Eine Nachlese”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft[1] (in German), volume 84, page 34
- Freytag, Georg (1837), “نذر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 262–263
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 278
- Schwally, Friedrich (1898), “Lexikalische Studien”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft[2] (in German), volume 52, pages 137–138
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “نذر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[3], London: W.H. Allen, pages 1111–1112
Etymology 2Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
VerbEdit
- first-person plural non-past active indicative of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
VerbEdit
- first-person plural non-past active subjunctive of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
- first-person plural non-past active jussive of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
VerbEdit
VerbEdit
- first-person plural non-past active indicative of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
VerbEdit
- first-person plural non-past active subjunctive of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
- first-person plural non-past active jussive of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
VerbEdit
VerbEdit
- first-person plural non-past passive indicative of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
VerbEdit
- first-person plural non-past passive subjunctive of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
- first-person plural non-past passive jussive of ذَرَّ (ḏarra)
VerbEdit
Etymology 3Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
VerbEdit
VerbEdit
- first-person plural non-past passive jussive of ذَرَا (ḏarā)
- first-person plural non-past passive jussive of ذَرَى (ḏarā)
VerbEdit
PersianEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
نذر • (nazr)