मूल
Hindi edit
Etymology edit
From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀽𑀮 (mūla), from Sanskrit मूल (mūla). Cognate with Gujarati મૂળ (mūḷ) and Bengali মূল (mul).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
मूल • (mūl) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling مول)
- original, basic, fundamental
- native, indigenous
- ancient, continually existent
Synonyms edit
- (original, basic): मूलभूत (mūlbhūt)
Noun edit
मूल • (mūl) m (Urdu spelling مول)
Declension edit
Related terms edit
- मूलाधार (mūlādhār)
Kashmiri edit
Noun edit
मूल • (mūl) m (Perso-Arabic موٗل)
- root (of a plant, etc.)
- origin, basis, provenance
- (linguistics) root, stem
Marathi edit
Etymology edit
नपुसकलिंग (napusakliṅga): मूल n (mūl) |
पुल्लिंग (pulliṅga): मुलगा m (mulgā) |
स्त्रीलिंग (strīliṅga): मुलगी f (mulgī) |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
मूल • (mūl) n
- child or kid regardless of gender or age
- Synonym: पोर (por)
- son or daughter regardless of gender
- Synonym: लेकरू (lekrū)
Usage notes edit
While the neuter word मूल (mūl) is often used interchangeably with the words मुलगा (mulgā) and मुलगी (mulgī), the word मूल (mūl) should be discriminated from the words मुलगा (mulgā) and मुलगी (mulgī).
Declension edit
Declension of मूल (neut cons-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
direct singular |
मुल mul | ||
direct plural |
मुले, मुलं mule, mula | ||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
nominative प्रथमा |
मुल mul |
मुले, मुलं mule, mula | |
oblique सामान्यरूप |
मुला mulā |
मुलां- mulān- | |
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
मुलाला mulālā |
मुलांना mulānnā | |
ergative | मुलाने, मुलानं mulāne, mulāna |
मुलांनी mulānnī | |
instrumental | मुलाशी mulāśī |
मुलांशी mulānśī | |
locative सप्तमी |
मुलात mulāt |
मुलांत mulāt | |
vocative संबोधन |
मुला mulā |
मुलांनो mulānno | |
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. |
Genitive declension of मूल (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
मुलाचा mulāċā |
मुलाचे mulāċe |
मुलाची mulācī |
मुलाच्या mulācā |
मुलाचे, मुलाचं mulāċe, mulāċa |
मुलाची mulācī |
मुलाच्या mulācā | |
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
मुलांचा mulānċā |
मुलांचे mulānċe |
मुलांची mulāñcī |
मुलांच्या mulāncā |
मुलांचे, मुलांचं mulānċe, mulānċa |
मुलांची mulāñcī |
मुलांच्या mulāñcā | |
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “मूल”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Nepali edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
मूल • (mūl)
Noun edit
मूल • (mūl)
Pali edit
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
मूल n
- Devanagari script form of mūla
Declension edit
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | मूलं (mūlaṃ) | मूलानि (mūlāni) |
Accusative (second) | मूलं (mūlaṃ) | मूलानि (mūlāni) |
Instrumental (third) | मूलेन (mūlena) | मूलेहि (mūlehi) or मूलेभि (mūlebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | मूलस्स (mūlassa) or मूलाय (mūlāya) or मूलत्थं (mūlatthaṃ) | मूलानं (mūlānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | मूलस्मा (mūlasmā) or मूलम्हा (mūlamhā) or मूला (mūlā) | मूलेहि (mūlehi) or मूलेभि (mūlebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | मूलस्स (mūlassa) | मूलानं (mūlānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | मूलस्मिं (mūlasmiṃ) or मूलम्हि (mūlamhi) or मूले (mūle) | मूलेसु (mūlesu) |
Vocative (calling) | मूल (mūla) | मूलानि (mūlāni) |
Sanskrit edit
Alternative forms edit
- মূল (Assamese script)
- ᬫᬹᬮ (Balinese script)
- মূল (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰳𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑀽𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- မူလ (Burmese script)
- મૂલ (Gujarati script)
- ਮੂਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌮𑍂𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦩꦹꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂧𑂴𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ಮೂಲ (Kannada script)
- មូល (Khmer script)
- ມູລ (Lao script)
- മൂല (Malayalam script)
- ᠮᡠᡠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘦𑘴𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠤᠤᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧆𑧕𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑐹𑐮 (Newa script)
- ମୂଲ (Odia script)
- ꢪꢹꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑆷𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖳𑖩 (Siddham script)
- මූල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩴𑩒𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚢𑚱𑚥 (Takri script)
- மூல (Tamil script)
- మూల (Telugu script)
- มูล (Thai script)
- མཱུ་ལ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑒴𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨢𑨃𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
Possibly from a Proto-Dravidian word corresponding with modern Tamil முளா (muḷā) or முள்ளங்கி (muḷḷaṅki), although the direction of borrowing is unclear. Sometimes, also compared to Ancient Greek μῶλυ (môlu).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
मूल • (mū́la) stem, n
Declension edit
Neuter a-stem declension of मूल (mū́la) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | मूलम् mū́lam |
मूले mū́le |
मूलानि / मूला¹ mū́lāni / mū́lā¹ |
Vocative | मूल mū́la |
मूले mū́le |
मूलानि / मूला¹ mū́lāni / mū́lā¹ |
Accusative | मूलम् mū́lam |
मूले mū́le |
मूलानि / मूला¹ mū́lāni / mū́lā¹ |
Instrumental | मूलेन mū́lena |
मूलाभ्याम् mū́lābhyām |
मूलैः / मूलेभिः¹ mū́laiḥ / mū́lebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | मूलाय mū́lāya |
मूलाभ्याम् mū́lābhyām |
मूलेभ्यः mū́lebhyaḥ |
Ablative | मूलात् mū́lāt |
मूलाभ्याम् mū́lābhyām |
मूलेभ्यः mū́lebhyaḥ |
Genitive | मूलस्य mū́lasya |
मूलयोः mū́layoḥ |
मूलानाम् mū́lānām |
Locative | मूले mū́le |
मूलयोः mū́layoḥ |
मूलेषु mū́leṣu |
Notes |
|
Derived terms edit
- मूलक (mūlaka)
- मूल्य (mūlya)
- मौल (maula)
- मूलाधार (mūlādhāra)
- उन्मूलयति (unmūlayati)
- जिह्वामूलीय (jihvā́mūlīya)
- दन्तमूलीय (dántamūlīya)
Descendants edit
- → Indonesian: mula
- → Malay: mula
- → Tagalog: mula
- Tamil: மூலம் (mūlam)
- → Telugu: మూలము (mūlamu)
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
- Bengali: মূল (mul)
- Pali: mūla
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀽𑀮 (mūla)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀽𑀮 (mūla)
References edit
- Monier Williams (1899) “मूल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 826.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mūˊla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press