माल

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	मालो (mālo)	माला (mālā)
Accusative (second)	मालं (mālaṃ)	माले (māle)
Instrumental (third)	मालेन (mālena)	मालेहि (mālehi) or मालेभि (mālebhi)
Dative (fourth)	मालस्स (mālassa) or मालाय (mālāya) or मालत्थं (mālatthaṃ)	मालानं (mālānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	मालस्मा (mālasmā) or मालम्हा (mālamhā) or माला (mālā)	मालेहि (mālehi) or मालेभि (mālebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	मालस्स (mālassa)	मालानं (mālānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	मालस्मिं (mālasmiṃ) or मालम्हि (mālamhi) or माले (māle)	मालेसु (mālesu)
Vocative (calling)	माल (māla)	माला (mālā)

Sanskrit edit

Alternative scripts edit

Alternative scripts

মাল (Assamese script)
ᬫᬵᬮ (Balinese script)
মাল (Bengali script)
𑰦𑰯𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀫𑀸𑀮 (Brahmi script)
မာလ (Burmese script)
માલ (Gujarati script)
ਮਾਲ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌮𑌾𑌲 (Grantha script)
ꦩꦴꦭ (Javanese script)
𑂧𑂰𑂪 (Kaithi script)
ಮಾಲ (Kannada script)
មាល (Khmer script)
ມາລ (Lao script)
മാല (Malayalam script)
ᠮᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘦𑘰𑘩 (Modi script)
ᠮᠠᢗᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧆𑧑𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
𑐩𑐵𑐮 (Newa script)
ମାଲ (Odia script)
ꢪꢵꢭ (Saurashtra script)
𑆩𑆳𑆬 (Sharada script)
𑖦𑖯𑖩 (Siddham script)
මාල (Sinhalese script)
𑩴𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
𑚢𑚭𑚥 (Takri script)
மால (Tamil script)
మాల (Telugu script)
มาล (Thai script)
མཱ་ལ (Tibetan script)
𑒧𑒰𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
𑨢𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation edit

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /mɑː.lɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmɑː.l̪ɐ/

Etymology 1 edit

Possibly borrowed from Dravidian; in particular, comparisons to मलय (malaya, “name of a mountain range on the west of Malabar”) have been suggested, though this is semantically suspect.

Noun edit

माल • (māla) stem, n

a forest or wood near a village

Declension edit

Neuter a-stem declension of माल (māla)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मालम् mālam	माले māle	मालानि / माला¹ mālāni / mālā¹
Vocative	माल māla	माले māle	मालानि / माला¹ mālāni / mālā¹
Accusative	मालम् mālam	माले māle	मालानि / माला¹ mālāni / mālā¹
Instrumental	मालेन mālena	मालाभ्याम् mālābhyām	मालैः / मालेभिः¹ mālaiḥ / mālebhiḥ¹
Dative	मालाय mālāya	मालाभ्याम् mālābhyām	मालेभ्यः mālebhyaḥ
Ablative	मालात् mālāt	मालाभ्याम् mālābhyām	मालेभ्यः mālebhyaḥ
Genitive	मालस्य mālasya	मालयोः mālayoḥ	मालानाम् mālānām
Locative	माले māle	मालयोः mālayoḥ	मालेषु māleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Etymology 2 edit

Likely borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil மாலர் (mālar, “the child of a Brahmin mother and a Sudra father”), Telugu మాల (māla, “a pariah, an outcaste”), Kannada ಮಾಲ (māla, “low, base, name of a barbarous tribe”).

Proper noun edit

माल • (māla) stem, m

name of a district (lying west and southwest of Bengal)
of one of the seven islands, of Antara-dvīpa
of the son of a Śūdra and a Sūta
(in the plural) name of a barbarous tribe or people

Declension edit

Masculine a-stem declension of माल (māla)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मालः mālaḥ	मालौ / माला¹ mālau / mālā¹	मालाः / मालासः¹ mālāḥ / mālāsaḥ¹
Vocative	माल māla	मालौ / माला¹ mālau / mālā¹	मालाः / मालासः¹ mālāḥ / mālāsaḥ¹
Accusative	मालम् mālam	मालौ / माला¹ mālau / mālā¹	मालान् mālān
Instrumental	मालेन mālena	मालाभ्याम् mālābhyām	मालैः / मालेभिः¹ mālaiḥ / mālebhiḥ¹
Dative	मालाय mālāya	मालाभ्याम् mālābhyām	मालेभ्यः mālebhyaḥ
Ablative	मालात् mālāt	मालाभ्याम् mālābhyām	मालेभ्यः mālebhyaḥ
Genitive	मालस्य mālasya	मालयोः mālayoḥ	मालानाम् mālānām
Locative	माले māle	मालयोः mālayoḥ	मालेषु māleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Etymology 3 edit

Of unclear origin. Perhaps related to मल (mala, “dirt, filth”), Lithuanian mólis (“loam, clay”).

Noun edit

माल • (māla) stem, n

a field

Etymology 4 edit

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Not listed in etymological dictionaries. Perhaps related to Etymology 2, via the "barbarous tribe" meaning, assuming the word isn't a spurious addition by lexicographers.”

Noun edit

माल • (māla) stem, n

fraud, artifice

Etymology 5 edit

See माला (mālā).

Noun edit

माल • (māla) stem, m

(in some compounds) = माला (mālā, “a wreath, garland”)

References edit

Monier Williams (1899) “माल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 813/2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 402
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 627-8
Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) chapter 4824, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN.