राम
Hindi
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Sanskrit राम (rāma).
Pronunciation
editProper noun
editराम • (rām) m (Urdu spelling رام)
- (Hinduism) Rama
- राम राम ― rām rām ― hello (among Hindus)
- a male given name from Sanskrit
Declension
editsingular | |
---|---|
direct | राम rām |
oblique | राम rām |
vocative | राम rām |
Derived terms
edit- जय श्री राम (jay śrī rām)
- जय सिया राम (jay siyā rām)
- रामराज्य (rāmrājya)
References
editMore information
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “राम”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “राम”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “राम”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “राम”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
- Hardev Bahri (2013) “राम”, in राजपाल हिंदी शब्दकोश [rājpāl hindī śabdakoś, Rajpal Hindi Dictionary], Rajpal and Sons, →ISBN
- “राम”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “राम”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Marathi
editAlternative forms
edit- रामचंद्र (rāmcandra)
Etymology
editInherited from Old Marathi 𑘨𑘰𑘦 (rāma), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀭𑀸𑀫 (rāma), from Sanskrit राम (rāma).
Pronunciation
editProper noun
editराम • (rām) m
- (Hinduism) Rāma, the seventh avatar of Lord Vishnu
- a male given name from Sanskrit
Declension
editDeclension of राम (masc cons-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
direct singular |
राम rām | ||
direct plural |
राम rām | ||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
nominative प्रथमा |
राम rām |
राम rām | |
oblique सामान्यरूप |
रामा rāmā |
रामां- rāmān- | |
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
रामाला rāmālā |
रामांना rāmānnā | |
ergative | रामाने, रामानं rāmāne, rāmāna |
रामांनी rāmānnī | |
instrumental | रामाशी rāmāśī |
रामांशी rāmānśī | |
locative सप्तमी |
रामात rāmāt |
रामांत rāmāt | |
vocative संबोधन |
रामा rāmā |
रामांनो rāmānno | |
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. |
Genitive declension of राम (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
रामाचा rāmāċā |
रामाचे rāmāċe |
रामाची rāmācī |
रामाच्या rāmācā |
रामाचे, रामाचं rāmāċe, rāmāċa |
रामाची rāmācī |
रामाच्या rāmācā | |
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
रामांचा rāmānċā |
रामांचे rāmānċe |
रामांची rāmāñcī |
रामांच्या rāmāncā |
रामांचे, रामांचं rāmānċe, rāmānċa |
रामांची rāmāñcī |
रामांच्या rāmāñcā | |
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “राम”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “राम”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
Pali
editAlternative forms
editAlternative scripts
Noun
editराम m
- Devanagari script form of rāma (“delight”)
Declension
editDeclension table of "राम" (masculine)
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | रामो (rāmo) | रामा (rāmā) |
Accusative (second) | रामं (rāmaṃ) | रामे (rāme) |
Instrumental (third) | रामेन (rāmena) | रामेहि (rāmehi) or रामेभि (rāmebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | रामस्स (rāmassa) or रामाय (rāmāya) or रामत्थं (rāmatthaṃ) | रामानं (rāmānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | रामस्मा (rāmasmā) or रामम्हा (rāmamhā) or रामा (rāmā) | रामेहि (rāmehi) or रामेभि (rāmebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | रामस्स (rāmassa) | रामानं (rāmānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | रामस्मिं (rāmasmiṃ) or रामम्हि (rāmamhi) or रामे (rāme) | रामेसु (rāmesu) |
Vocative (calling) | राम (rāma) | रामा (rāmā) |
Sanskrit
editAlternative scripts
editAlternative scripts
- ৰাম (Assamese script)
- ᬭᬵᬫ (Balinese script)
- রাম (Bengali script)
- 𑰨𑰯𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀭𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- ရာမ (Burmese script)
- રામ (Gujarati script)
- ਰਾਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌰𑌾𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦫꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂰𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ರಾಮ (Kannada script)
- រាម (Khmer script)
- ຣາມ (Lao script)
- രാമ (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᠠ᠊ᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘨𑘰𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠠᢗᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧈𑧑𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐬𑐵𑐩 (Newa script)
- ରାମ (Odia script)
- ꢬꢵꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆫𑆳𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖨𑖯𑖦 (Siddham script)
- රාම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩼𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚤𑚭𑚢 (Takri script)
- ராம (Tamil script)
- రామ (Telugu script)
- ราม (Thai script)
- རཱ་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒩𑒰𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
editUnknown; possibly related to Old English rōmiġ (“sooty”), presuming Proto-Indo-European *HreH-mó-s.[1][2] Monier considers it to be a derivation from रम् (ram, “to enjoy; to stay”).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editराम • (rāma) stem
- dark, dark-coloured, black (compare रात्रि (rātri))
- white (?)
- pleasing, pleasant, charming, lovely, beautiful
Declension
editsingular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | रामः (rāmaḥ) | रामौ (rāmau) रामा¹ (rāmā¹) |
रामाः (rāmāḥ) रामासः¹ (rāmāsaḥ¹) |
accusative | रामम् (rāmam) | रामौ (rāmau) रामा¹ (rāmā¹) |
रामान् (rāmān) |
instrumental | रामेण (rāmeṇa) | रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामैः (rāmaiḥ) रामेभिः¹ (rāmebhiḥ¹) |
dative | रामाय (rāmāya) | रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामेभ्यः (rāmebhyaḥ) |
ablative | रामात् (rāmāt) | रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामेभ्यः (rāmebhyaḥ) |
genitive | रामस्य (rāmasya) | रामयोः (rāmayoḥ) | रामाणाम् (rāmāṇām) |
locative | रामे (rāme) | रामयोः (rāmayoḥ) | रामेषु (rāmeṣu) |
vocative | राम (rāma) | रामौ (rāmau) रामा¹ (rāmā¹) |
रामाः (rāmāḥ) रामासः¹ (rāmāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | रामा (rāmā) | रामे (rāme) | रामाः (rāmāḥ) |
accusative | रामाम् (rāmām) | रामे (rāme) | रामाः (rāmāḥ) |
instrumental | रामया (rāmayā) रामा¹ (rāmā¹) |
रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामाभिः (rāmābhiḥ) |
dative | रामायै (rāmāyai) | रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामाभ्यः (rāmābhyaḥ) |
ablative | रामायाः (rāmāyāḥ) रामायै² (rāmāyai²) |
रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामाभ्यः (rāmābhyaḥ) |
genitive | रामायाः (rāmāyāḥ) रामायै² (rāmāyai²) |
रामयोः (rāmayoḥ) | रामाणाम् (rāmāṇām) |
locative | रामायाम् (rāmāyām) | रामयोः (rāmayoḥ) | रामासु (rāmāsu) |
vocative | रामे (rāme) | रामे (rāme) | रामाः (rāmāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | रामम् (rāmam) | रामे (rāme) | रामाणि (rāmāṇi) रामा¹ (rāmā¹) |
accusative | रामम् (rāmam) | रामे (rāme) | रामाणि (rāmāṇi) रामा¹ (rāmā¹) |
instrumental | रामेण (rāmeṇa) | रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामैः (rāmaiḥ) रामेभिः¹ (rāmebhiḥ¹) |
dative | रामाय (rāmāya) | रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामेभ्यः (rāmebhyaḥ) |
ablative | रामात् (rāmāt) | रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामेभ्यः (rāmebhyaḥ) |
genitive | रामस्य (rāmasya) | रामयोः (rāmayoḥ) | रामाणाम् (rāmāṇām) |
locative | रामे (rāme) | रामयोः (rāmayoḥ) | रामेषु (rāmeṣu) |
vocative | राम (rāma) | रामे (rāme) | रामाणि (rāmāṇi) रामा¹ (rāmā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
editराम • (rāma) stem, m
Declension
editsingular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | रामः (rāmaḥ) | रामौ (rāmau) रामा¹ (rāmā¹) |
रामाः (rāmāḥ) रामासः¹ (rāmāsaḥ¹) |
accusative | रामम् (rāmam) | रामौ (rāmau) रामा¹ (rāmā¹) |
रामान् (rāmān) |
instrumental | रामेण (rāmeṇa) | रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामैः (rāmaiḥ) रामेभिः¹ (rāmebhiḥ¹) |
dative | रामाय (rāmāya) | रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामेभ्यः (rāmebhyaḥ) |
ablative | रामात् (rāmāt) | रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामेभ्यः (rāmebhyaḥ) |
genitive | रामस्य (rāmasya) | रामयोः (rāmayoḥ) | रामाणाम् (rāmāṇām) |
locative | रामे (rāme) | रामयोः (rāmayoḥ) | रामेषु (rāmeṣu) |
vocative | राम (rāma) | रामौ (rāmau) रामा¹ (rāmā¹) |
रामाः (rāmāḥ) रामासः¹ (rāmāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
editराम • (rāma) stem, n
- same meanings as masculine gender
- the leaf of Laurus cassia
- Chenopodium album
- = कुष्ठ (kuṣṭha)
Declension
editsingular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | रामम् (rāmam) | रामे (rāme) | रामाणि (rāmāṇi) रामा¹ (rāmā¹) |
accusative | रामम् (rāmam) | रामे (rāme) | रामाणि (rāmāṇi) रामा¹ (rāmā¹) |
instrumental | रामेण (rāmeṇa) | रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामैः (rāmaiḥ) रामेभिः¹ (rāmebhiḥ¹) |
dative | रामाय (rāmāya) | रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामेभ्यः (rāmebhyaḥ) |
ablative | रामात् (rāmāt) | रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामेभ्यः (rāmebhyaḥ) |
genitive | रामस्य (rāmasya) | रामयोः (rāmayoḥ) | रामाणाम् (rāmāṇām) |
locative | रामे (rāme) | रामयोः (rāmayoḥ) | रामेषु (rāmeṣu) |
vocative | राम (rāma) | रामे (rāme) | रामाणि (rāmāṇi) रामा¹ (rāmā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Proper noun
editराम • (rāma) stem, m
- (Hinduism) Rāma, son of Dasharatha and Kausalya, an avatar of Vishnu.
- c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 1.29.24:
- अद्य गच्छामहे राम सिद्धाश्रममनुत्तमम्।
तदाश्रमपदं तात तवाप्येतद्यथा मम॥- adya gacchāmahe rāma siddhāśramamanuttamam.
tadāśramapadaṃ tāta tavāpyetadyathā mama. - O Rāma, now let's go to the unparalleled Siddhashrama.
O child this asrama is the same to you as it is to me (treat this as your own).
- adya gacchāmahe rāma siddhāśramamanuttamam.
- अद्य गच्छामहे राम सिद्धाश्रममनुत्तमम्।
- an epithet of Varuna
- name of various mythical personages in the Vedas.
Declension
editsingular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | रामः (rāmaḥ) | रामौ (rāmau) | रामाः (rāmāḥ) |
accusative | रामम् (rāmam) | रामौ (rāmau) | रामान् (rāmān) |
instrumental | रामेण (rāmeṇa) | रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामैः (rāmaiḥ) |
dative | रामाय (rāmāya) | रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामेभ्यः (rāmebhyaḥ) |
ablative | रामात् (rāmāt) | रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām) | रामेभ्यः (rāmebhyaḥ) |
genitive | रामस्य (rāmasya) | रामयोः (rāmayoḥ) | रामाणाम् (rāmāṇām) |
locative | रामे (rāme) | रामयोः (rāmayoḥ) | रामेषु (rāmeṣu) |
vocative | राम (rāma) | रामौ (rāmau) | रामाः (rāmāḥ) |
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀸𑀫 (rāma)
- → Bengali: রাম (ram)
- → Burmese: ရာမ (rama.)
- → Chinese: 羅摩 / 罗摩 (Luómó)
- → Hindi: राम (rām)
- → Kannada: ರಾಮ (rāma)
- → Khmer: រាម (riəm)
- → Lao: ຣາມ (rām)
- → Malay: Rama
- → Malayalam: രാമൻ (rāmaṉ), രാമ (rāma), രാം (rāṁ), റാം (ṟāṁ)
- → Nepali: राम (rām)
- → Old Javanese: rāma
- → Odia: ରାମ (rāma)
- → Punjabi: ਰਾਮ (rām)
- → Sinhalese: රාම (rāma)
- → Tamil: இராமர் (irāmar)
- → Telugu: రాముఁడు (rāmun̆ḍu)
- → Thai: ราม (raam)
References
edit- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “rāmá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 449
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*rēmós”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 160
- Monier Williams (1899) “राम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0877.
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