राम

See also: रोम, रमा, रामा, रूम, रम, and रमी

Hindi edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Sanskrit राम (rāma).

Pronunciation edit

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɾɑːm/, [ɾä̃ːm]
Audio (file)

Proper noun edit

राम • (rām) m

(Hinduism) Rama
राम राम ― rām rām ― hello (among Hindus)

Declension edit

Declension of राम (sg-only masc cons-stem)

	singular
direct	राम rām
oblique	राम rām
vocative	राम rām

Derived terms edit

References edit

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “राम”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “राम”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
Bahri, Hardev (1989) “राम”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “राम”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
Hardev Bahri (2013) “राम”, in राजपाल हिंदी शब्दकोश, Rajpal and Sons, →ISBN

“राम”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
Platts, John T. (1884) “राम”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Pali edit

Alternative forms edit

Alternative forms

rāma (Latin script)
𑀭𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
রাম (Bengali script)
රාම (Sinhalese script)
ရာမ or ရႃမ (Burmese script)
ราม or รามะ (Thai script)
ᩁᩣᨾ (Tai Tham script)
ຣາມ or ຣາມະ (Lao script)
រាម (Khmer script)
𑄢𑄂𑄟 (Chakma script)

Noun edit

राम m

Devanagari script form of rāma (“delight”)

Declension edit

Declension table of "राम" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	रामो (rāmo)	रामा (rāmā)
Accusative (second)	रामं (rāmaṃ)	रामे (rāme)
Instrumental (third)	रामेन (rāmena)	रामेहि (rāmehi) or रामेभि (rāmebhi)
Dative (fourth)	रामस्स (rāmassa) or रामाय (rāmāya) or रामत्थं (rāmatthaṃ)	रामानं (rāmānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	रामस्मा (rāmasmā) or रामम्हा (rāmamhā) or रामा (rāmā)	रामेहि (rāmehi) or रामेभि (rāmebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	रामस्स (rāmassa)	रामानं (rāmānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	रामस्मिं (rāmasmiṃ) or रामम्हि (rāmamhi) or रामे (rāme)	रामेसु (rāmesu)
Vocative (calling)	राम (rāma)	रामा (rāmā)

Sanskrit edit

Alternative scripts edit

Alternative scripts

ৰাম (Assamese script)
ᬭᬵᬫ (Balinese script)
রাম (Bengali script)
𑰨𑰯𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀭𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
ရာမ (Burmese script)
રામ (Gujarati script)
ਰਾਮ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌰𑌾𑌮 (Grantha script)
ꦫꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
𑂩𑂰𑂧 (Kaithi script)
ರಾಮ (Kannada script)
រាម (Khmer script)
ຣາມ (Lao script)
രാമ (Malayalam script)
ᡵᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘨𑘰𑘦 (Modi script)
ᠷᠠᢗᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧈𑧑𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
𑐬𑐵𑐩 (Newa script)
ରାମ (Odia script)
ꢬꢵꢪ (Saurashtra script)
𑆫𑆳𑆩 (Sharada script)
𑖨𑖯𑖦 (Siddham script)
රාම (Sinhalese script)
𑩼𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
𑚤𑚭𑚢 (Takri script)
ராம (Tamil script)
రామ (Telugu script)
ราม (Thai script)
རཱ་མ (Tibetan script)
𑒩𑒰𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
𑨫𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology edit

Unknown; possibly related to Old English rōmig (“sooty”), presuming Proto-Indo-European *HreH-mó-s.^[1]^[2] Monier considers it to be a derivation from रम् (ram, “to enjoy; to stay”).

Pronunciation edit

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾɑː.mɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɾɑː.mɐ/

Adjective edit

राम • (rāma) stem

dark, dark-coloured, black (compare रात्रि (rātri))
रामः शकुनिः (rāmaḥ śakuniḥ) — a black bird, crow
white (?)
pleasing, pleasant, charming, lovely, beautiful

Declension edit

Masculine a-stem declension of राम
Nom. sg.	रामः (rāmaḥ)
Gen. sg.	रामस्य (rāmasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रामः (rāmaḥ)	रामौ (rāmau)	रामाः (rāmāḥ)
Vocative	राम (rāma)	रामौ (rāmau)	रामाः (rāmāḥ)
Accusative	रामम् (rāmam)	रामौ (rāmau)	रामान् (rāmān)
Instrumental	रामेण (rāmeṇa)	रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām)	रामैः (rāmaiḥ)
Dative	रामाय (rāmāya)	रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām)	रामेभ्यः (rāmebhyaḥ)
Ablative	रामात् (rāmāt)	रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām)	रामेभ्यः (rāmebhyaḥ)
Genitive	रामस्य (rāmasya)	रामयोः (rāmayoḥ)	रामाणाम् (rāmāṇām)
Locative	रामे (rāme)	रामयोः (rāmayoḥ)	रामेषु (rāmeṣu)

Feminine ā-stem declension of राम
Nom. sg.	रामा (rāmā)
Gen. sg.	रामायाः (rāmāyāḥ)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रामा (rāmā)	रामे (rāme)	रामाः (rāmāḥ)
Vocative	रामे (rāme)	रामे (rāme)	रामाः (rāmāḥ)
Accusative	रामाम् (rāmām)	रामे (rāme)	रामाः (rāmāḥ)
Instrumental	रामया (rāmayā)	रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām)	रामाभिः (rāmābhiḥ)
Dative	रामायै (rāmāyai)	रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām)	रामाभ्यः (rāmābhyaḥ)
Ablative	रामायाः (rāmāyāḥ)	रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām)	रामाभ्यः (rāmābhyaḥ)
Genitive	रामायाः (rāmāyāḥ)	रामयोः (rāmayoḥ)	रामाणाम् (rāmāṇām)
Locative	रामायाम् (rāmāyām)	रामयोः (rāmayoḥ)	रामासु (rāmāsu)

Neuter a-stem declension of राम
Nom. sg.	रामम् (rāmam)
Gen. sg.	रामस्य (rāmasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रामम् (rāmam)	रामे (rāme)	रामाणि (rāmāṇi)
Vocative	राम (rāma)	रामे (rāme)	रामाणि (rāmāṇi)
Accusative	रामम् (rāmam)	रामे (rāme)	रामाणि (rāmāṇi)
Instrumental	रामेण (rāmeṇa)	रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām)	रामैः (rāmaiḥ)
Dative	रामाय (rāmāya)	रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām)	रामेभ्यः (rāmebhyaḥ)
Ablative	रामात् (rāmāt)	रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām)	रामेभ्यः (rāmebhyaḥ)
Genitive	रामस्य (rāmasya)	रामयोः (rāmayoḥ)	रामाणाम् (rāmāṇām)
Locative	रामे (rāme)	रामयोः (rāmayoḥ)	रामेषु (rāmeṣu)

Noun edit

राम • (rāma) stem, m

Declension edit

Masculine a-stem declension of राम (rāma)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रामः rāmaḥ	रामौ / रामा¹ rāmau / rāmā¹	रामाः / रामासः¹ rāmāḥ / rāmāsaḥ¹
Vocative	राम rāma	रामौ / रामा¹ rāmau / rāmā¹	रामाः / रामासः¹ rāmāḥ / rāmāsaḥ¹
Accusative	रामम् rāmam	रामौ / रामा¹ rāmau / rāmā¹	रामान् rāmān
Instrumental	रामेण rāmeṇa	रामाभ्याम् rāmābhyām	रामैः / रामेभिः¹ rāmaiḥ / rāmebhiḥ¹
Dative	रामाय rāmāya	रामाभ्याम् rāmābhyām	रामेभ्यः rāmebhyaḥ
Ablative	रामात् rāmāt	रामाभ्याम् rāmābhyām	रामेभ्यः rāmebhyaḥ
Genitive	रामस्य rāmasya	रामयोः rāmayoḥ	रामाणाम् rāmāṇām
Locative	रामे rāme	रामयोः rāmayoḥ	रामेषु rāmeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun edit

राम • (rāma) stem, n

same meanings as masculine gender
the leaf of Laurus cassia
Chenopodium album
= कुष्ठ (kuṣṭha)

Declension edit

Neuter a-stem declension of राम
Nom. sg.	रामम् (rāmam)
Gen. sg.	रामस्य (rāmasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रामम् (rāmam)	रामे (rāme)	रामाणि (rāmāṇi)
Vocative	राम (rāma)	रामे (rāme)	रामाणि (rāmāṇi)
Accusative	रामम् (rāmam)	रामे (rāme)	रामाणि (rāmāṇi)
Instrumental	रामेण (rāmeṇa)	रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām)	रामैः (rāmaiḥ)
Dative	रामाय (rāmāya)	रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām)	रामेभ्यः (rāmebhyaḥ)
Ablative	रामात् (rāmāt)	रामाभ्याम् (rāmābhyām)	रामेभ्यः (rāmebhyaḥ)
Genitive	रामस्य (rāmasya)	रामयोः (rāmayoḥ)	रामाणाम् (rāmāṇām)
Locative	रामे (rāme)	रामयोः (rāmayoḥ)	रामेषु (rāmeṣu)

Proper noun edit

राम • (rāma) stem, m

name of Varuna
name of various mythical personages in the Vedas and the later times, including the Rāma god. Found in Hare Krishna mahamantra in vocative form
Synonyms: दाशरथ (dāśaratha), पीताम्बर (pītāmbara), राघव (rāghava)
name of a king of शृङ्गवेर (śṛṅgavera) and patron of नागेश (nāgeśa)
name of various authors and teachers
name of the number three (on account of the 3 Rāmas)
रामस्य इषुः (rāmasya iṣuḥ) — a kind of cane = रामकण्ड (rāmakaṇḍa)
name of a people

Derived terms edit

रामकिर्ति (rāmakirti)
रामचन्द्र (rāmacandra)
रामदास (rāmadāsa)
रामदूत (rāmadūta)
रामनवमी (rāmanavamī)
रामराज्य (rāmarājya)
रामलीला (rāmalīlā)
रामसेतु (rāmasetu)
रामा (rāmā)
रामानुज (rāmānuja)
रामायण (rāmāyaṇa)

Descendants edit

→ Bengali: রাম (ram)
→ Burmese: ရာမ (rama.)
→ Chinese: 羅摩／罗摩 (Luómó)
→ Hindi: राम (rām)
→ Khmer: រាម (riəm)
→ Lao: ຣາມ (rām)
→ Malayalam: രാമൻ (rāmaṉ), രാമ (rāma), രാം (rāṁ), റാം (ṟāṁ)
→ Marathi: राम (rām)
→ Nepali: राम (rām)
→ Old Javanese: rāma
- Javanese: ꦫꦩ (rama)
  - → Indonesian: rama, romo (semantic loan)
- → Balinese: ᬭᬵᬫ (rama)
→ Odia: ରାମ (ramô)
→ Punjabi: ਰਾਮ (rām)
→ Sinhalese: රාම (rāma)
→ Tamil: இராமர் (irāmar)
→ Telugu: రామ (rāma)
→ Thai: ราม (raam)

References edit

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “rāmá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 449
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*rēmós”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 160

Monier Williams (1899) “राम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0877.

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “rāmá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 449

[2] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*rēmós”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 160

[1]

[2]