शत
See also: शांत
Hindi edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Sanskrit शत (śata). Doublet of सौ (sau).
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “शत”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit edit
| ← 90 | [a], [b] ← 99 | १०० 100 |
1,000 → | 100,000 → |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10[a], [b] | ||||
| Cardinal: शत (śata) | ||||
Alternative scripts edit
Alternative scripts
- ᬰᬢ (Balinese script)
- শত (Assamese script)
- শত (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀢 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌶𑌤 (Grantha script)
- શત (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ਤ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦯꦠ (Javanese script)
- ឝត (Khmer script)
- ಶತ (Kannada script)
- ຨຕ (Lao script)
- ശത (Malayalam script)
- 𑘫𑘝 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠠᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᡧᠠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
- ၐတ (Burmese script)
- 𑧋𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐟 (Newa script)
- ଶତ (Odia script)
- ꢯꢡ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆠 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖝 (Siddham script)
- ශත (Sinhalese script)
- ஶத (Tamil script)
- శత (Telugu script)
- ศต (Thai script)
- ཤ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śatám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćatám, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀 (sata), Ancient Greek ἑκατόν (hekatón), Latin centum, Old Church Slavonic съто (sŭto), Lithuanian šimtas, Tocharian A känt, Old English hundred (whence English hundred), Finnish sata (borrowing from Indo-Iranian).
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
शत • (śatá) n, rarely m, at the end of a compound f(ī)
- hundred, used with numerals thus:
- एकाधिकं शतम् (ekā*dhikaṃ śatam) or एकशतम् (eka-śatam) — a hundred one, 101
- विंशत्यधिकं शतम् (viṃśaty-adhikaṃ śatam) or विंशं शतम् (viṃśaṃ śatam) — a hundred twenty, 120
- शते (śate) or द्वे शते (dve śate) or द्विशतम् (dvi-śatam) or शतद्वयम् (śata-dvayam) — 200
- त्रीणि शतानि (trīṇi śatāni) or त्रिशतानि (tri-śatāni) or शतत्रयम् (śata-trayam) — 300
- षट्शतम् (ṣaṭ-śatam) — 600
- or the compound becomes an ordinal
- द्विशत (dvi-śata) — the 200th
- द्विकं शतम् (dvikaṃ śatam), त्रिकं शतम् (trikaṃ śatam) — 2, 3 per cent
- शतात्पर (śatātpara) — beyond a hundred, exceeding 100
- the counted object is added either in the genitive, or in the same case as śata, or at the beginning of a compound
- शतम् पितरः (śatam pitaraḥ) or शतम् पितॄणाम् (śatam pitṝṇām) or पितृशतम् (pitṛ-śatam) — a hundred ancestors
- rarely śatam is used as an indeclinable with an instrumental
- एषायुक्त परावतः सूर्यस्योदयनादधि |
- शतं रथेभिः सुभगोषा इयं वि यात्यभि मानुषान ||
- eṣāyukta parāvataḥ sūryasyodayanādadhi |
- śataṃ rathebhiḥ subhaghoṣā iyaṃ vi yātyabhi mānuṣān ||
- This Dawn hath yoked her steeds afar, beyond the rising of the Sun:
- Borne on a hundred chariots she, auspicious Dawn, advances on her way to Men.
- rarely occurs a masculine form in plural e.g. पञ्चशता रथान् (pañca-śatā rathān)
- and śata n rarely in compounds of the following kind:
- चतुर्वर्षशतम् (catur-varṣa-śatam) or चतुर्वर्षशतानि (catur-varṣa-śatamtāni) — 400 years
- any very large number
- शतपत्त्र (śata-pattra) — a hundred leaves etc.
Declension edit
| Neuter a-stem declension of शत (śatá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शतम् śatám |
शते śaté |
शतानि / शता¹ śatā́ni / śatā́¹ |
| Vocative | शत śáta |
शते śáte |
शतानि / शता¹ śátāni / śátā¹ |
| Accusative | शतम् śatám |
शते śaté |
शतानि / शता¹ śatā́ni / śatā́¹ |
| Instrumental | शतेन śaténa |
शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām |
शतैः / शतेभिः¹ śataíḥ / śatébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | शताय śatā́ya |
शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām |
शतेभ्यः śatébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | शतात् śatā́t |
शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām |
शतेभ्यः śatébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | शतस्य śatásya |
शतयोः śatáyoḥ |
शतानाम् śatā́nām |
| Locative | शते śaté |
शतयोः śatáyoḥ |
शतेषु śatéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Masculine a-stem declension of शत (śatá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शतः śatáḥ |
शतौ śataú |
शताः / शतासः¹ śatā́ḥ / śatā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | शत śáta |
शतौ śátau |
शताः / शतासः¹ śátāḥ / śátāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | शतम् śatám |
शतौ śataú |
शतान् śatā́n |
| Instrumental | शतेन śaténa |
शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām |
शतैः / शतेभिः¹ śataíḥ / śatébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | शताय śatā́ya |
शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām |
शतेभ्यः śatébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | शतात् śatā́t |
शताभ्याम् śatā́bhyām |
शतेभ्यः śatébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | शतस्य śatásya |
शतयोः śatáyoḥ |
शतानाम् śatā́nām |
| Locative | शते śaté |
शतयोः śatáyoḥ |
शतेषु śatéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ī-stem declension of शती (śatī) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शती śatī |
शत्यौ / शती¹ śatyau / śatī¹ |
शत्यः / शतीः¹ śatyaḥ / śatīḥ¹ |
| Vocative | शति śati |
शत्यौ / शती¹ śatyau / śatī¹ |
शत्यः / शतीः¹ śatyaḥ / śatīḥ¹ |
| Accusative | शतीम् śatīm |
शत्यौ / शती¹ śatyau / śatī¹ |
शतीः śatīḥ |
| Instrumental | शत्या śatyā |
शतीभ्याम् śatībhyām |
शतीभिः śatībhiḥ |
| Dative | शत्यै śatyai |
शतीभ्याम् śatībhyām |
शतीभ्यः śatībhyaḥ |
| Ablative | शत्याः śatyāḥ |
शतीभ्याम् śatībhyām |
शतीभ्यः śatībhyaḥ |
| Genitive | शत्याः śatyāḥ |
शत्योः śatyoḥ |
शतीनाम् śatīnām |
| Locative | शत्याम् śatyām |
शत्योः śatyoḥ |
शतीषु śatīṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants edit
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀢 (sata)
- Dardic:
- → Old Javanese: śata
- Pali: sata
- → Bengali: শত (śot)
- → Rohingya: cót
- → Hindi: शत (śat)
- → Telugu: శతము (śatamu) (learned)
- →⇒ Dhivehi: ސަތޭކަ (satēka)
See also edit
- द्विशत (dviśata, “two hundred”), द्वेशते (dveśate, “two hundred”)
- त्रिशत (triśata, “three hundred”)
- चतुःशत (catuḥśata, “four hundred”)
- पञ्चशत (pañcaśata, “five hundred”)
- षट्शत (ṣaṭśata, “six hundred”)
- सप्तशत (saptaśata, “seven hundred”)
- अष्टशत (aṣṭaśata, “eight hundred”)
- नवशत (navaśata, “nine hundred”)
References edit
- Monier Williams (1899), “शत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1048.