शत
See also: शांत
Contents
SanskritEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćatám, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. Cognates include Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀 (sata), Ancient Greek ἑκατόν (hekatón), Latin centum, Old Church Slavonic съто (sŭto), Lithuanian šimtas, Tocharian A känt, and Old English hundred (English hundred).
NumeralEdit
शत • (śatá) n, rarely m, at the end of a compound f(ī)
- hundred, used with numerals thus:
- एकाधिकं शतम् (ekā*dhikaṃ śatam) or एकशतम् (eka-śatam) — a hundred one, 101
- विंशत्यधिकं शतम् (viṃśaty-adhikaṃ śatam) or विंशं शतम् (viṃśaṃ śatam) — a hundred twenty, 120
- शते (śate) or द्वे शते (dve śate) or द्विशतम् (dvi-śatam) or शतद्वयम् (śata-dvayam) — 200
- त्रीणि शतानि (trīṇi śatāni) or त्रिशतानि (tri-śatāni) or शतत्रयम् (śata-trayam) — 300
- षट्शतम् (ṣaṭ-śatam) — 600
- or the compound becomes an ordinal
- द्विशत (dvi-śata) — the 200th
- द्विकं शतम् (dvikaṃ śatam), त्रिकं शतम् (trikaṃ śatam) — 2, 3 per cent
- शतात्पर (śatātpara) — beyond a hundred, exceeding 100
- the counted object is added either in the genitive, or in the same case as śata, or at the beginning of a compound
- शतम् पितरः (śatam pitaraḥ) or शतम् पितॄणाम् (śatam pitṝṇām) or पितृशतम् (pitṛ-śatam) — a hundred ancestors
- rarely śatam is used as an indeclinable with an instrumental
-
- एषायुक्त परावतः सूर्यस्योदयनादधि |
- शतं रथेभिः सुभगोषा इयं वि यात्यभि मानुषान ||
- eṣāyukta parāvataḥ sūryasyodayanādadhi |
- śataṃ rathebhiḥ subhaghoṣā iyaṃ vi yātyabhi mānuṣān ||
- This Dawn hath yoked her steeds afar, beyond the rising of the Sun:
- Borne on a hundred chariots she, auspicious Dawn, advances on her way to Men.
-
- rarely occurs a masculine form in plural e.g. पञ्चशता रथान् (pañca-śatā rathān)
- and śata n rarely in compounds of the following kind:
- चतुर्वर्षशतम् (catur-varṣa-śatam) or चतुर्वर्षशतानि (catur-varṣa-śatamtāni) — 400 years
- any very large number
- शतपत्त्र (śata-pattra) — a hundred leaves etc.
DeclensionEdit
| Neuter a-stem declension of शत | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | शतम् (śatam) | ||
| Gen. sg. | शतस्य (śatasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शतम् (śatam) | शते (śate) | शतानि (śatāni) |
| Vocative | शत (śata) | शते (śate) | शतानि (śatāni) |
| Accusative | शतम् (śatam) | शते (śate) | शतानि (śatāni) |
| Instrumental | शतेन (śatena) | शताभ्याम् (śatābhyām) | शतैः (śataiḥ) |
| Dative | शता (śatā) | शताभ्याम् (śatābhyām) | शतेभ्यः (śatebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | शतात् (śatāt) | शताभ्याम् (śatābhyām) | शतेभ्यः (śatebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | शतस्य (śatasya) | शतयोः (śatayoḥ) | शतानाम् (śatānām) |
| Locative | शते (śate) | शतयोः (śatayoḥ) | शतेषु (śateṣu) |
| Masculine a-stem declension of शत | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | शतः (śataḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | शतस्य (śatasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शतः (śataḥ) | शतौ (śatau) | शताः (śatāḥ) |
| Vocative | शत (śata) | शतौ (śatau) | शताः (śatāḥ) |
| Accusative | शतम् (śatam) | शतौ (śatau) | शतान् (śatān) |
| Instrumental | शतेन (śatena) | शताभ्याम् (śatābhyām) | शतैः (śataiḥ) |
| Dative | शताय (śatāya) | शताभ्याम् (śatābhyām) | शतेभ्यः (śatebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | शतात् (śatāt) | शताभ्याम् (śatābhyām) | शतेभ्यः (śatebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | शतस्य (śatasya) | शतयोः (śatayoḥ) | शतानाम् (śatānām) |
| Locative | शते (śate) | शतयोः (śatayoḥ) | शतेषु (śateṣu) |
| Feminine ī-stem declension of शत | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | शती (śatī) | ||
| Gen. sg. | शत्याः (śatyāḥ) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शती (śatī) | शत्यौ (śatyau) | शत्यः (śatyaḥ) |
| Vocative | शति (śati) | शत्यौ (śatyau) | शत्यः (śatyaḥ) |
| Accusative | शतीम् (śatīm) | शत्यौ (śatyau) | शतीः (śatīḥ) |
| Instrumental | शत्या (śatyā) | शतीभ्याम् (śatībhyām) | शतीभिः (śatībhiḥ) |
| Dative | शत्यै (śatyai) | शतीभ्याम् (śatībhyām) | शतीभ्यः (śatībhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | शत्याः (śatyāḥ) | शतीभ्याम् (śatībhyām) | शतीभ्यः (śatībhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | शत्याः (śatyāḥ) | शत्योः (śatyoḥ) | शतीनाम् (śatīnām) |
| Locative | शत्याम् (śatyām) | शत्योः (śatyoḥ) | शतीषु (śatīṣu) |
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Sir Monier Monier-Williams (1898) A Sanskrit-English dictionary etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 1048