शत

See also: शांत

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शत (śata). Doublet of सौ (sau) and सद (sad).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃət̪/, [ʃɐt̪]

Numeral

शत • (śat) (cardinal)

1. (literary) hundred

   Synonyms: सौ (sau), (poetic) सद (sad)

Derived terms

• प्रतिशत (pratiśat)
• शतपाद (śatpād)
• शतवर्ष (śatvarṣ)
• शतवार्षिक (śatvārṣik)
• शतशत (śatśat)
• शतांश (śatāñś)
• शताब्दी (śatābdī)

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शत”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Sanskrit numbers ^(edit)

←  90	[a], [b], [c] ←  99	१०० 100	1,000  →	100,000  →
		10[a], [b]
Cardinal: शत (śata)     Ordinal: शततम (śatatama)     Multiplier: शतधा (śatadhā)     Distributive: शतशस् (śataśas)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শত (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬢ (Balinese script)
• শত (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀢 (Brahmi script)
• ၐတ (Burmese script)
• શત (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਤ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌤 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦠ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂞 (Kaithi script)
• ಶತ (Kannada script)
• ឝត (Khmer script)
• ຨຕ (Lao script)
• ശത (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘝 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐟 (Newa script)
• ଶତ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢡ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆠 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖝 (Siddham script)
• ශත (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩫 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚙 (Takri script)
• ஶத (Tamil script)
• శత (Telugu script)
• ศต (Thai script)
• ཤ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćatám, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀 (sata), Ancient Greek ἑκατόν (hekatón), Latin centum, Tocharian A känt, English hund-red.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ.tɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ.t̪ɐ/

Numeral

शत • (śatá) n, rarely m, at the end of a compound f(ī)

1. hundred
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.48.7:

     ए॒षायु॑क्त परा॒वतः॒ सूर्य॑स्यो॒दय॑ना॒दधि॑।
     श॒तं रथे॑भिः सु॒भगो॒षा इ॒यं वि या॑त्य॒भि मानु॑षान्॥

     eṣā́yukta parāvátaḥ sū́ryasyodáyanādádhi.
     śatáṃ ráthebhiḥ subhágoṣā́ iyáṃ ví yātyabhí mā́nuṣān.

     This auspicious Uṣas has harnessed (her vehicles) from afar, above the rising of the sun; and she comes gloriously upon man, with a hundred chariots.

2. any very large number

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of शत

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शतम् (śatám)	शते (śaté)	शतानि (śatā́ni) शता¹ (śatā́¹)
accusative	शतम् (śatám)	शते (śaté)	शतानि (śatā́ni) शता¹ (śatā́¹)
instrumental	शतेन (śaténa)	शताभ्याम् (śatā́bhyām)	शतैः (śataíḥ) शतेभिः¹ (śatébhiḥ¹)
dative	शताय (śatā́ya)	शताभ्याम् (śatā́bhyām)	शतेभ्यः (śatébhyaḥ)
ablative	शतात् (śatā́t)	शताभ्याम् (śatā́bhyām)	शतेभ्यः (śatébhyaḥ)
genitive	शतस्य (śatásya)	शतयोः (śatáyoḥ)	शतानाम् (śatā́nām)
locative	शते (śaté)	शतयोः (śatáyoḥ)	शतेषु (śatéṣu)
vocative	शत (śáta)	शते (śáte)	शतानि (śátāni) शता¹ (śátā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Masculine a-stem declension of शत

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शतः (śatáḥ)	शतौ (śataú) शता¹ (śatā́¹)	शताः (śatā́ḥ) शतासः¹ (śatā́saḥ¹)
accusative	शतम् (śatám)	शतौ (śataú) शता¹ (śatā́¹)	शतान् (śatā́n)
instrumental	शतेन (śaténa)	शताभ्याम् (śatā́bhyām)	शतैः (śataíḥ) शतेभिः¹ (śatébhiḥ¹)
dative	शताय (śatā́ya)	शताभ्याम् (śatā́bhyām)	शतेभ्यः (śatébhyaḥ)
ablative	शतात् (śatā́t)	शताभ्याम् (śatā́bhyām)	शतेभ्यः (śatébhyaḥ)
genitive	शतस्य (śatásya)	शतयोः (śatáyoḥ)	शतानाम् (śatā́nām)
locative	शते (śaté)	शतयोः (śatáyoḥ)	शतेषु (śatéṣu)
vocative	शत (śáta)	शतौ (śátau) शता¹ (śátā¹)	शताः (śátāḥ) शतासः¹ (śátāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ī-stem declension of शती

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शती (śatī)	शत्यौ (śatyau) शती¹ (śatī¹)	शत्यः (śatyaḥ) शतीः¹ (śatīḥ¹)
accusative	शतीम् (śatīm)	शत्यौ (śatyau) शती¹ (śatī¹)	शतीः (śatīḥ)
instrumental	शत्या (śatyā)	शतीभ्याम् (śatībhyām)	शतीभिः (śatībhiḥ)
dative	शत्यै (śatyai)	शतीभ्याम् (śatībhyām)	शतीभ्यः (śatībhyaḥ)
ablative	शत्याः (śatyāḥ) शत्यै² (śatyai²)	शतीभ्याम् (śatībhyām)	शतीभ्यः (śatībhyaḥ)
genitive	शत्याः (śatyāḥ) शत्यै² (śatyai²)	शत्योः (śatyoḥ)	शतीनाम् (śatīnām)
locative	शत्याम् (śatyām)	शत्योः (śatyoḥ)	शतीषु (śatīṣu)
vocative	शति (śati)	शत्यौ (śatyau) शती¹ (śatī¹)	शत्यः (śatyaḥ) शतीः¹ (śatīḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀢 (sata)
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀬 (saya)
  • Helu Prakrit: 𑀲𑀢 (sata), *𑀲𑀬 (*saya)
    • Dhivehi: ހިއަ (hia) (dialectal, archaic)
    • Sinhalese: සිය (siya)
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀰𑀤 (śada)
    • Assamese: শ (xo)
    • Bengali: শ (śo)
    • Bhojpuri: सौ (sau)
    • Odia: ଶହ (śaha)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀅 (saa)
    • Konkani:

      Devanagari script: -शे (-śe)

      Kannada script: -ಶೆ (-śe)

      Latin script: -xem

    • Old Marathi:

      Devanagari script: श्ये (śye), सें (seṃ)

      Modi script: 𑘫𑘿𑘧𑘹 (śye), 𑘭𑘹𑘽 (seṃ)

      • Marathi: -शे (-śe)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤 (sada)
    • Old Gujarati: सउ (saü)
      • Gujarati: સો (so)
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: सौ (sau)

      Urdu: سو (sau)

    • Nepali: सय (saya)
    • Punjabi:

      Gurmukhi script: ਸੌ (sau)

      Shahmukhi script: سَو (sau)

    • Romani: śel, šel (Pan-Vlax), shel, șăl
    • Sindhi:

      Arabic script: سؤ

      Devanagari script: सउ

• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri: ہَتھ (hath)
  • Shina: شل (śal)
• → Old Javanese: śata
  • Javanese: ꦱꦠ (sata)
  • → Balinese: ᬰᬢ (sata)
• Pali: sata
• → Bengali: শত (śot)
  • → Rohingya: cót
• → Hindi: शत (śat)
• → Telugu: శతము (śatamu) (learned)
• →⇒ Dhivehi: ސަތޭކަ (satēka)
• → Thai: ศต (sòt)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “शत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1048.