Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ćatám

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian Edit

Etymology Edit

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Numeral Edit

*ćatám

hundred

Derived terms Edit

*catákah (“one hundred years, century”)
- Kurdish: (maybe influenced by New Persian)
  Central Kurdish: سەدە‎ (sede /⁠sada⁠/), صەدە‎ (ṣede /⁠sˤada⁠/)
  
  Northern Kurdish: sede (/⁠sada⁠/)
- Middle Persian: (/⁠sadag⁠/, “century; Sadeh festival”)
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (stk')
  
  Pazend script: 𐬯𐬀𐬛𐬀‎ (sada)
  - Classical Persian: سده‎ (sada)
    Dari: سده‎ (sada)
    
    Iranian Persian: سده‎ (sade)
    
    Tajik: сада (sada)
  - → Arabic: سدق‎ (sadaq, “Sadeh festival”), سذق‎ (saḏaq)
    - → Pashto: صده‎ (sadá), سدۍ‎ (sadә́y)
    - → Sindhi: صدي‎ (sadī)
    - → Hindustani:
      - Hindi: सदी (sadī)
      - Urdu: صدی‎ (sadī)
        → Pashto: صدي‎ (sadí)

Descendants Edit

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śatám
- Sanskrit: शत (śatá) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *catám
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀‎ (sata)
    - → English: satem (learned) (from the masculine accusative singular 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨‎ (satəm))
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Proto-Scythian:
    - Ossetian: сӕдӕ (sædæ)
    - Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
      - Khotanese: [script needed] (sata)
      - Wakhi: (/⁠sad⁠/)
        Arabic script: سد‎
        
        Cyrillic script: сад (sad)
  - Sogdo-Bactrian:
    - Bactrian: σαδο (sado)
    - Khwarezmian: سید‎ (sy̌d /⁠*səd⁠/)
    - Sogdian: (/⁠sat(u)⁠/)
      Sogdian script: [script needed] (st), [script needed] (100)
      
      Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫤‎ (st), 𐫯‎ (100)
      
      Syriac script: ܣܬܘ‎ (stw)
- Southeastern Iranian:
  - Ormuri-Parachi:
    - Ormuri: سو‎ (/⁠sū⁠/)
    - Parachi: سو (/⁠sȫ⁠/)
  - Pashto: سل‎ (sël)
  - Sanglechi: ساذ (sāδ)
  - Yidgha: شور‎ (šōr)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Baluchi: سد‎ (/⁠sad⁠/)
  - Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: سەد‎ (sed /⁠sad⁠/), صه‌د‎ (ṣed /⁠sˤad⁠/) (the form of صه‌د‎ (ṣed) is common for some Sorani dialects)
    
    Laki: سەد‎ (sed /⁠sad⁠/)
    
    Northern Kurdish: sed (/⁠sad⁠/), sid (/⁠sid⁠/)
    
    Southern Kurdish: سەد‎ (sed /⁠sad⁠/)
  - Proto-Medo-Parthian: *sata-
    - Caspian:
      - Gilaki: سد‎ (/⁠sad, səd⁠/)
      - Old Mazanderani: صد‎ (ṣd /⁠sad⁠/)
        Mazanderani: صد‎ (ṣd /⁠sad⁠/), سد‎ (/⁠sad⁠/)
    - Parthian: (/⁠sad⁠/)
      Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭞‎ (100)
      
      Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫅‎ (sd), 𐫯‎ (100)
    - Zaza-Gurani
      - Gurani: سەڎ‎ (seð̞ /⁠sað̞⁠/)
      - Zazaki: se (/⁠sa⁠/)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: *𐎰𐎫 (*θ-t /⁠*θata-⁠/) (in 𐎰𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁 (θ-t-gu-u-š /⁠Θataguš⁠/))
    - Middle Persian: (/⁠sad⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫅‎ (sd), 𐫯‎ (100)
      
      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭾‎ (100)
      
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (100)
      
      Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮯‎ (100)
      
      Pazend script: 𐬯𐬀𐬛‎ (sad)
      - Classical Persian: صد‎ (ṣd /⁠sad⁠/), سد‎ (sd)
        Dari: صد‎ (sad)
        
        Iranian Persian: صد‎ (sad)
        
        Tajik: сад (sad)
        → Yagnobi: сад (sad)
- → Crimean Gothic: sada
→? Proto-Slavic: *sъto (see there for further descendants)
→ Proto-Uralic: *śata (see there for further descendants)